新概念英语第二册Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble

（单词翻译）

　　Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble哈勃望远镜的困境
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is the special importance of a telescope in space?
The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 20,1990 at a cost of over a billion dollars. Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty! NASA is now going to put the telescope right, so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it. The shuttle Endeavour will be taking the astronauts to the Hubble. A robot-arm from the Endeavour will grab¹ the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs. Of course, the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies² that we have ever seen. The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe. By the time you read this, the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
Hubble n. 哈勃
telescope n. 望远镜
launch v. 发射
space n. 空间
NASA n.(National Aeronautics³ and Space Administration) 国家航空和航天局
billion n. 10亿
faulty adj. 有错误的
astronaut n. 宇航员
shuttle n. 航天飞机
Endeavour n. “奋进”号
robot-arm n. 机器手
grab v. 抓
atmosphere n. 大气层
distant adj. 遥远的
galaxy⁴ n. 星系
universe n. 宇宙
eagle eye 鹰眼
参考译文
哈勃望远镜于1990年4月20日由国家航空航天局发射升空，耗资10多亿美元。从最开始哈勃望远镜就有问题。它传送给我们的图像很令人失望，因为它的主要镜子有误差。国家航天局准备纠正这一错误，为此将把4名宇航员送入太空修复望远镜。“奋进”号航天飞机将把宇航员送上哈勃。当宇航员进行必要的修复工作时，“奋进”号上的一只机器手将抓住望远镜并托住它。当然，哈勃位于地球的大气层之外，因此，它很快就会给我们传送我们所见到过的、有关行星和远距离星系的最清晰的照片。哈勃将告诉我们有关宇宙的年龄和大小的许多事情。等到你读到这篇文章时，敏锐的哈勃望远镜已经为我们送来了成千上万张精彩的照片。

　　自学导读
1．at a cost of,造价为……，耗资，以……的价格/费用。
He has just built a new house for his family at a cost of ￡10,000.
他刚为他的家庭盖了一座新房子，耗资1万英镑。
2．Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble. 从最开始哈勃望远镜就有问题。
（1）start为名词，表示“开始”、“开端”，from the start表示“从开始时”，副词right起强调作用：
He didn't want to work at the firm(right) from the start.
他从最开始就不想在这家公司上班。
（2）trouble在这里指“（机器等的）故障”、“问题”：
There is (engine) trouble with my car.
我的汽车（发动机）有问题。
（3）the Hubble代指 the Hubble telescope。由于上下文中没有其他以 Hubble命名的东西，前面又提到过一次Hubble telescope,所以用 the Hubble既简洁又不会引起误解。
3．NASA is now going to put the telescope right…国家航天局准备纠正这一错误……
put right表示“修好（故障等）”、“校正”、“纠正”等：
Have you put the watch/clock right?
你把表/钟对好了吗？
Remember to put the lights right tomorrow.
明天记得把灯修好。
4．…the Hubble is above the earth's atmosphere, so it will soon be sending us the clearest pictures of the stars and distant galaxies that we have ever seen.……哈勃位于地球的大气层之外，因此，它很快就会给我们传送我们所见到过的、有关恒星和远距离星系的最清晰的照片。
（1）关系从句that we have ever seen修饰pictures。
（2）由于哈勃望远镜位于大气层之外，它照相便不受大气的阻挡，因此照片清晰。
（3）形容词最高级后面的关系从句常用…ever heard, met, read,seen等完成式：
This is the longest book (that) I have ever read.
这是我所看过的书中最长的一部。
Ian is the most interesting man (that/whom) I have ever met.
伊恩是我所遇见的最有趣的人。
5．…the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures.……敏锐的哈勃望远镜将已经为我们送来了成千上万张精彩的照片。
（1）eagle eye的含义是“鹰眼”、“锐利目光”：
His father's eagle eye is always on him.
他父亲的锐利目光总是盯着他。
（2）在表示“几千”、“数千”、“许许多多”、“成千上万”这些数字概念时可用thousands(of…):
There are hundreds of thousands/thousands and thou
sands of cars in this city.
这座城市里有成千上万辆汽车。

　　语法 Grammar in use
将来完成进行时(The future perfect progressive tense)与其他形式的将来时
将来完成进行时的构成： will have been+现在分词
（1）在第13课的语法中，我们学习了将来进行时。它表示将来某个时候正在进行的动作或表示计划好的事。它不像一般将来时中的will,不表达“蓄意为之”的含义，只陈述将来的事实：
They will be arriving here tomorrow.
他们明天就要到达此地。
在第37课的语法中，我们学习了将来完成时。它用于表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作，必须和某个时间状语连用：
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.
工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好。
（2）将来完成进行时表示某种状况一直持续到说话人所提及的时间：
By this time next week, I will have been working for this firm for twenty years.
到下星期此刻，我就已经为这家公司工作了20年了。
在时间状语从句中，要用现在完成时代替将来完成时（cf．第60课语法）：

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．cost(n.), price(n.)与value(n.)
cost和price都可以表示“价格”、“价钱”，但price侧重于指某个具体东西或商品的价钱，cost侧重指某项服务、工程等的费用：
What's the price of the dress, please?
请问这件衣服多少钱？（询问价钱时，price与what连用，不用 how much）
They built the bridge at a cost of over ￡600,000.
他们造这座桥的费用是六十多万英镑。
cost的复数表示“成本”：
I don't know the costs of these cars.
我不知道这些车的成本是多少。
price的复数表示“物价”：
Prices are going up again.
物价又上涨了。
value可以表示抽象的价值或重要性：
This book is of great value to me.
这本书对我来说很有价值/重要。
This newspaper has little value.
这份报纸没什么价值。
value的复数形式表示“价值观”：
His values are different from those of mine.
他的价值观与我的不一样。
2．cost(v.), price(v.)与value(v.)
cost为及物动词，表示“价钱为”、“（使）花费”（不用于被动语态）：
The new car cost him ￡5,000.
那辆新车花了他5,000英镑。
How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space?
将哈勃望远镜发射升空花费了多少钱？
price作动词用时在口语中表示“问……的价钱”、“查明/查询……的价格”：
They priced cars for two days before they bought one.他们在询问了两天车价后才买了一辆车。
price还可以表示“给……定价/标价”：
The dress is priced at ￡50, but you can have it at ￡40.这件衣服标价为50英镑，不过你可以花40英镑买下它。value作及物动词时可以表示“尊重”、“重视”等：
If you don't value my advice, I'll speak no more.如果你不重视我的建议，那我就什么也不再说了。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．难点练习答案
1 cost  2 price  3 value  4 cost  5 value  6 priced  7 cost
2．多项选择题答案
1 b  2 a  3 c  4 c  5 a  6 d
7 c  8 a  9 b  10 b  11 d  12 d

　　【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★Hubble　n. 哈勃
★telescope　n. 望远镜
★launch　v. 发射
★space　n. 空间
指宇宙空间
room 空间，不可数
Could you make room for me?
★NASA　n.(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 国家航空和航天局
★billion　n. 10亿
★faulty　adj. 有错误的
fault n.错误
★astronaut　n. 宇航员
★shuttle　n. 航天飞机
★Endeavour　n. “奋进”号
★robot-arm　n. 机器手
★grab　v. 抓
★atmosphere　n. 大气层
atmosphere 氛围
Eg.:I went to the New Concept English of New Oriental⁵ School for its good atmosphere.
★distant　adj. 遥远的
★galaxy　n. 星系
★universe　n. 宇宙
★eagle eye　鹰眼
科普性文章结构简单，句式单一，单词教难
学会逻辑阅读
at a ost of 花费
Hubble
telescope
Hubble telescope 在句中做主语
was launched 动词谓语
NASA （单词缩写）组织或者机构
there was trouble with the Hubble
there be 句型
trouble with 关于...有麻烦
what's the trouble with you?
start 开始
定语从句省略引导词
主句：The pictures ...were...
-ing 令人……的
Sorry,it's my fault
faulty adj.有错误的
be going to 将要
put sth.right 把某物放正确
it 指代 NASA
send up 往上送
The shuttle Endeavour 主语，可能是交通工具
robot-arm :arm 手臂
hold it 抓住它
repairs 修理
above 在．．．上面（悬空的）
NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration 国家航空航天局
astronaut n. 飞行员
atmosphere
distant galaxies
stars 星星
a great deal (of) 大量（的）
by the time 到那时
everytime 每当
by the time you read this 到你读这篇文章的时候
will have done 将来完成式
thousands and thousands of 成千上万的
Hubble telescope 被人类送上天空的一种仪器
space 宇宙
launch 送进
disppinting 令人失望
astronaut 宇航员
robot-arm 机器人手臂

阅读：
１．克服害怕的心理
２．学会理解单词的含义
３．科普性文章的理解题在原文中寻找答案

Comprehension
1...because...
Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble .The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty!
Answer B
2.The Hubble telescope____
The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe.
Answer:A
Structure
5...the telescope_____....
A robot-arm fromnthe Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs.
for sb.to do sth 基本结构
Answer :A
so that + 句子
so long as + 句子：表示只要
which + 句子
Vocabulary
11...the Hubble____
had problems 有问题
requires repairs 需要修理
There was a problem with its main mirror.
What's the trouble with you?
problem with sth.
Answer D
1.problem=question
2.problem=trouble
12..The Hubble is____....
Answer D
above 在……之上（凌空）
above the earth's atmosphere 在大气层的上方

Key Structures】
1.将来完成时　will have done
2.将来进行时　will be doing
3.将来完成进行时　will have been doing
4.现在完成进行时　have been doing
将来完成进行时：
从某一点发生，一直延续到将来的某一点，并且还将可能延续下去
It has been raining....
We will have been learning book2...
区别：
１．一般将来时：事情在将来发生
２．将来进行时：等同于一般将来时
３．将来完成时：强调到将来某一点时间动作的结束
４．将来完成进行时：强调到将来某一点时间动作可能结束或延续
过去完成进行时: had been doing
过去完成进行时：到过去某一点时间为止动作一直在延续
Eg.:His father had dead...
Eg.:His father had been waiting for his son until he came back.
Eg.:Soon the astronauts will have repaired the telescope will have done 到将来某一点时间，动作完成
Eg.:By Friday midday,they will ahve been working on it for seven days.
work on sth.　关于……的工作
到将来某一点时间，动作延续

Special dificulties】
cost,price,value : noun &verbs
Nouns :price 价格；　cost 费用 ; value 价值
at the cost of 以……的费用
Verbs:price sth.打听……的价格，并比较
cost 花费　sth cost money
value sth 认为……有价值
Eg.:Value your time!
Eg.:I value your advice.
value sth. owned by oneself　敝帚自珍
Exercise
1...in the (price,cost,value)of living.
sharp rise 大幅上升的
living 生活
the cost of living 生活的费用
２．．．asks me the (price,cost,value)
price 价格
３．．．．you will (price ,cost,value)it more.
value 表示认为有价值
４．．．The house(value,cost,priced)
fortune 一大笔财富
cost 花费
５．．．（price,cost,value)....
enormouse 巨大的
community 社区，社会
value 价值
of great (enormouse)value 有巨大的价值
６．Jane has (value,cost,priced)
alternative 另外的
recommend 推荐
price sth.比较价格
７．．（price,cost ,value)...
towards = to
the cost of rebuilding 重建费用
过去完成进行时　had been doing

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