经济学人326:北方投机佬的胜利
时间：2014-01-07 01:08:11
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THE night before Republicans in Alabama and Mississippi voted in their primaries, Newt Gingrich and Rick Santorum made their final appeals at a forum1 in an ornate old theatre in downtown Birmingham. Mitt2 Romney, whom Mr Gingrich has relentlessly3 derided4 as “a moderate from Massachusetts”, did not attend; nor did the libertarian Ron Paul. Both candidates were asked how they would “lead our nation back to God”. Mr Gingrich railed against “anti-Christian bigotry” among America’s “elites”. Mr Santorum boasted that he would “talk about the importance of faith in public life”. In other words, they delivered a solid hour of conservative red meat to a ferociously5 carnivorous audience. A poll released earlier that day showed a majority of voters in both states believing that Barack Obama was a Muslim (he is a Christian) and doubting evolution. Eight in ten voters in both states identified themselves as evangelical Christians6, the highest proportions so far.
阿拉巴马州和密西西比州共和党人在投票选举总统参选人的前夜，在伯明翰城区装饰一新的老剧院里，Newt Gingrich和Rick Santorum进行了最后的造势演说。而被Gingrich嘲笑为“马萨诸塞州温和派”的Mitt Romney并没有到场，自由派的Ron Paul也没来。当两位候选人被问到如何“把国家带回上帝面前”时，Gingrich把美国“精英”中的那些“反基督教偏执狂”责备了一通，而Santorum则吹嘘他会“讨论信仰对公众生活的重要性”。换句话说，他们花了整整一个小时，在保守派观众面前大谈保守议题，如同给凶猛的野兽喂食红肉。根据先前的民调显示，这两个州的大部分选民都认为奥巴马是穆斯林（其实他是基督徒），并且不相信进化论，而80%的选民把自己定义为福音派基督徒，创下了历史新高。
Both candidates drew huge cheers, but Mr Gingrich needed them more. He had won only two states, South Carolina and his home state of Georgia. Last week Mr Gingrich’s spokesman said he needed to win “everything from Spartanburg [South Carolina] all the way to Texas.” On March 13th, however, Mr Gingrich’s Southern strategy failed: Mr Santorum
eked7 out victories in both Alabama and Mississippi, capturing 34.5% to Mr Gingrich’s 29.3% and Mr Romney’s 29% in the former and 32.8% to Mr Gingrich’s 31.2% and Mr Romney’s 30.6% in the latter. The wins capped a good week for Mr Santorum; he had won the Kansas
caucuses8 three days earlier by 51.2% to Mr Romney’s 20.9%.
虽然两位候选人都获得了大量的喝彩，但明显Gingrich需要的更多，他只赢得了两个州的支持，也就是南卡罗来纳州和他的家乡乔治亚州。上周，他的发言人说他需要赢得“斯帕坦堡（位于南卡罗来纳州）到德克萨斯州的一路支持”。然而Gingrich的南方战略失败了，到3月13日，Santorum竭力维持了在阿拉巴马州和密西西比州的胜利，在阿拉巴马州获得了32.8%的支持率，而Gingrich为31.2% Romney为30.6%，在密西西比州Santorum为34.5%，Gingrich为29.3%，Romney为29%。这场胜利为Santorum愉快的一周开了个好头，接下来他又以51.2%对Romney的 20.9%赢得了堪萨斯州的核心会议。
Mr Gingrich lost despite
lavishing9 attention on both states. In the week leading up to election day he held 15 rallies in Alabama and Mississippi, more by far than either of his rivals. But the
advertising10 war was predictably fierce, with the vast majority of ads funded by so-called Super PACs (political action committees) rather than the campaigns themselves. In that battle the efforts of Restore Our Future, the Super PAC backing Mr Romney,
dwarfed11 those of its rivals. Still, Mr Romney’s few campaign appearances were token and awkward, and the Massachusetts moderate continues to struggle with the party’s conservative base. In Mississippi he won less than a quarter of voters who described themselves as “very conservative”.
尽管Gingrich在阿拉巴马州和密西西比州获得了大量的关注，但还是失败了。他在选举日前一周举行了15次造势集会，远远多于竞争对手，但是，广告战争还是和预见的一样惨烈，绝大多数广告赞助来自所谓的政治行动委员会（Super PACs），而不是他们自己，在这场战役中，支持Romney的超级政行会“重塑我们的未来”所花的经费大大超过了他所有的对手。尽管如此，Romney仅有的几次竞选也只具有象征意义并且显得笨拙不堪，与此同时，这位马萨诸塞州的温和派（Romney）在争取共和党保守基层这一点上依然困难重重。在密西西比州内自称为“非常保守”的选民群体中，Romney只赢得了不到四分之一的选票。（选民认为Romney不是真正的保守派）
A plurality of those broke for Mr Santorum. Even so, his trifecta did little to alter the direction of the race. Mr Romney’s delegate lead
remains12 formidable, and he has padded it during the past week by
sweeping13 the board in Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the US
Virgin14 Islands and American Samoa, all of which send delegates to the party conventions even though their citizens cannot vote in the general election. He crushed Mr Santorum in Hawaii, which also voted on March 13th. Overall, in the week after Super Tuesday on March 6th, Mr Romney added more delegates to his haul than Mr Santorum did. His total now stands at 496, comfortably more than all his rivals combined, though with only 24 states (plus Washington, DC) yet to vote he is still a long way off the 1,144 he needs to win the
nomination15 outright16.
虽然Santorum在三连胜中获得了多数选票，但这对选举的大趋势却没什么影响。Romney在代表人数上的领先地位依然巨大。他在过去的一周里一步一个脚印，在关岛、北马里亚那群岛、美属维尔京群岛和美属萨摩亚都大获全胜，即使那里的选民不能在大选中投票，他们依然派了代表去参加政党代表大会。3月13日，在夏威夷的投票中，他继续秒杀了Santorum。在总统竞选初选日的后一周（3月6日），Romney比Santorum增加了更多的代表，达到了496个，比他竞争对手的总和还多。虽然现在仅剩下24个州（包括华盛顿特区）还没有投票，但赢得党内提名需1144票，这依然还很大一段距离。
Mr Gingrich will now come under heavy pressure to withdraw: if he does, and his voters switch to Mr Santorum, Mr Romney could be in difficulties. On election night, however, Mr Gingrich said that the media has declared him dead before, and that he is no closer to quitting now than he was then. In a jubilant speech in Louisiana—which holds its primary on March 24th, after Missouri, Puerto Rico and Illinois—Mr Santorum predicted he would win the nomination outright. That is mathematically nigh-impossible. But his campaign and Mr Gingrich’s released
memos17 on Tuesday detailing their similar strategies: stay in the race, deny Mr Romney a majority of delegates and then prevail at a contested convention in August. Or, as Mr Romney himself might put it, continue dividing the conservative vote, and grease his path to the nomination.
现在Gingrich在是否退出的问题上面临着巨大的压力：如果他退出，他的支持者会转向Santorum，Romney就会受到影响。在选举的那一晚，Gingrich说媒体在之前已经宣布他会失败，而他现在退出初选的可能并不比当时更大。在密苏里州、波多黎各和伊利诺斯州之后，Santorum又来到路易斯安那州，这里在3月24号会进行提名竞选。在充满喜悦的演讲中，他称自己会赢得党内提名，但这几乎是不可能事件。Santorum和Gingrich发布的消息显示他们的竞选活动有着相似的策略：一路坚持，让Romney无法获得超过半数代表，然后在8月的竞选大会上获胜。或者，用Romney的话来说，他们（Gingrich和Santorum）会继续分化保守派的投票，让他可以顺利走向提名。
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