经济学人347:萨拉托加市的制造业(2)
时间：2014-01-07 02:22:49
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The nearby University of Albany’s College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE), the first college in the world dedicated1 to nanotechnology, is doing much the same. A decade ago Alain Kaloyeros, who runs it, set up a partnership2 with industry and the state government. Some 300 companies have provided $13 billion to the college for labs and cleanrooms, and the state has contributed a further $1 billion. CNSE has provided some 80,000 square feet of professional-grade cleanroom space which it shares with the nano-industry. Students work both alongside and for private companies. Competitor firms, such as Tokyo Electron and Applied3 Materials, work almost next to each other.
附近的奥尔巴尼大学纳米科学和工程学院（CNSE）——世界上第一所致力于纳米技术的学院的做法也与此类似。十年前，该校负责人Alain Kaloyeros与企业及州政府建立起合作关系，约有300家公司为该校提供了130亿美元的资金修建起多间实验室及无尘室，州政府还追加了10亿美元的资金。CNSE还拿出总面积达80000平方英尺的专业级无尘室与纳米产业共享。该校的学生既是与私企并肩工作的人，也是为私企打工者。竞争对手公司，如东京电子和美国应用材料公司，工作地点几乎彼此紧挨着。
Arguably, the area has returned to its roots. GE Global Research, founded 112 years ago, traces its origins to a carriage barn in nearby Schenectady. After shrinking its manufacturing arm in the 1990s, it is bringing it back to New York, making high-energy-density batteries and digital x-ray-detectors. Other companies are also arriving, such as Air Liquide, one of GlobalFoundries’ suppliers, and Panalpina, a specialised logistics company. Sematech, a chip consortium, has moved to Albany from the
high-tech4 magnet of Austin, Texas. Sinclair Schuller established Apprenda, his cloud-computing start-up, in Saratoga because it is in a “sweet spot”: boasting an educated
workforce5, and just a few hours’ drive from Montreal, New York City and Boston. And, just to ice the cake, the area has the lowest per-capita county taxes in New York state.
可以说，萨拉托加已回归本源了。通用电气公司全球研究中心成立于112年前，源头可追溯至附近斯克内克塔迪（美国纽约州东部城市）市的一间马车谷仓。在二十世纪九十年代精简其制造部门之后，通用电气的制造部门又来到纽约，生产高能量密度电池及数字X线探测器。其他公司也纷纷入驻，如全球晶圆公司的供应商之一——法国液化空气集团；专业物流公司——瑞士泛亚班拿集团；芯片联营企业——半导体制造技术联盟也从素有“高科技磁石”之称的德克萨斯州奥斯汀迁到奥尔巴尼；Sinclair Schuller之所以在萨拉托加创立起他的云计算初创公司Apprenda，是因为此地为“最佳位置”——拥有受过良好教育的劳动力队伍，从蒙特利尔市、纽约市和波士顿到萨拉托加都只有几个小时的车程。而且，锦上添花的是该地区在纽约州人均县纳税额最低。
The
ripple6 effects in the community have been profound: new housing, busy restaurants, more cultural diversity and jobs. The Capital Region’s unemployment rate, at 8.2%, is lower than both New York City’s and the nation’s. The story goes that the warring Mohawk and Mohican tribes could agree on just one thing: not to tell early European settlers about the healing springs of Saratoga. Today, Saratogans are only too happy to boast about the healing powers of high-tech.
这一综合地区的连锁反应影响深远：新建住宅群、顾客盈门的餐馆、更丰富的文化多样性及更多的工作机会。首府地区的失业率为8.2%，低于纽约市及全美的失业率。据说交战时期的莫霍克族和莫西干族只在一件事上能达成共识：不告诉欧洲早期殖民者萨拉托加有“康复泉”。现在，萨拉托加人很乐于夸赞其高科技的神奇疗效了。
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