2013芝加哥犯罪率有所下降

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　　RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST: It's MORNING EDITION, from NPR News. Good morning. I'm Renee Montagne.

　　DAVID GREENE, HOST: And I'm David Greene.

　　Let's think about some of the headlines in Chicago in the year 2013. Many of them dealt with murders that claimed the lives of innocent people. We're going to hear about the grief some people in the city are dealing¹ with. It's truly unimaginable. And yet, Chicago's overall crime rate actually dropped during the year to its lowest level in decades, certainly a positive sign.

　　But as NPR's Cheryl Corley reports, people living in the city's poorest neighborhoods say violent crime has become a part of daily life.

　　CHERYL CORLEY, BYLINE²: In 2013, Chicago newspapers and television stations kept a daily deadly count, listing those slain³ each day, most by gun violence. One of the most noted⁴ occurred early in the year, when 15-year-old student Hadiya Pendleton - who had performed with her high school band at Inauguration⁵ events in Washington D.C. - was shot and killed about a week later. Two young men were charged with opening fire on Pendleton and a group of friends standing⁶ in a park about a mile from President Obama's Chicago home. After the shooting, her father, Nathaniel Pendleton, grieved before throngs⁷ of reporters at a news conference.

　　(SOUNDBITE OF NEWS CONFERENCE)

　　NATHANIEL PENDLETON: They took the light of my life. This guy, the gunman, man, you took the light of my life.

　　CORLEY: And the city's gun violence has deeply touched the life of Shirley Chambers⁸. Over a nearly 20-year span, she lost all four of her children to shootings. The last one, her 33-year-old son Ronnie Chambers, who had said the murders of his three siblings⁹ made him decide to change his life. He was killed this year.

　　SHIRLEY CHAMBERS: It's too much out of control now. They've got to get stiffer penalties for these guys that go out here and murder people for no reason.

　　CORLEY: And a shooting in a Chicago park in September left more than a dozen people wounded, including a three-year-old boy. Chicago Police Superintendent¹⁰ Garry McCarthy said in that shooting, assault-style weapons were used.

　　GARRY MCCARTHY: Illegal guns. Illegal guns. Illegal guns drive violence. And military-type weapons, like the one we believe to have been used in this shooting, belong on a battlefield, not on a street or in a corner or in a park.

　　CORLEY: In 2013, at least 412 Chicagoans lost their lives violently - about 100 fewer than a year ago. That's more than those murdered in New York, and more than Los Angeles. A Yale University analysis says despite Chicago's grim numbers, the city's crime rate is not exceptional when compared to other large cities. It ranks Chicago 19th with violent crime levels similar to those of Houston or Minneapolis, and half that of Detroit or St. Louis.

　　The study, which looks at Chicago's crime levels over nearly 50 years, says the city is on track to have the lowest crime rate since 1972, and a murder rate the lowest in 45 years. Superintendent McCarthy says it's not victory, but it is real progress.

　　MCCARTHY: We're putting additional officers in high-crime areas through Operation Impact. We're using intelligence to prevent retaliatory¹¹ gang shootings. We're moving officers from administrative¹² positions back into the streets. And we're partnering closely with the community.

　　CORLEY: In a city of neighborhoods, though, crime rates are not equal, and many of the shootings here are gang-related in the city's South and West Sides.

　　REVEREND AL SHARPTON: They say that the shooting is down. Well, if one person is shot, it's one too many.

　　CORLEY: Community activists¹³ and ministers recently attended a public hearing convened¹⁴ by the Reverend Al Sharpton. Many like Lucy Moore don't believe the rate of gun violence in Chicago is actually down.

　　LUCY MOORE: I think it's poppycock. They're not telling all of it. The murder rate is even higher. They just want to save face, and that's what I feel. It's not down. I see too much shooting and too much killing¹⁵.

　　CORLEY: Natjuan Herrin lives on Chicago's West Side, and is also skeptical¹⁶.

　　NATJUAN HERRIN: Well, where I come from, they shoot every day, all day, but it's not safe nowhere in Chicago. Wherever you go, it's not safe.

　　CORLEY: While Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel says he understands that skepticism, the numbers don't lie.

　　MAYOR RAHM EMANUEL: We're not going to rest until people feel the reality of these numbers. It is day-in and day-out work, and I'm not going to let anybody working for me rest until that feeling is shared throughout the city.

　　CORLEY: Emanuel has pushed for thousands of summer youth jobs, more education initiatives and recreational opportunities, which he says has resulted in less gun violence. He's calling for tougher gun laws, including mandatory¹⁷ minimum sentencing for anyone possessing an illegal gun. That effort comes as U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder¹⁸ has announced changes that would relax mandatory sentencing requirements, at least when it comes to drug policy. But Holder says the federal government will help Chicago as best it can.

　　ATTORNEY GENERAL ERIC HOLDER: Justice Department will seek new ways to ensure that resources provided to the Chicago Police Department by our Asset Forfeiture¹⁹ Fund can be better used to keep more officers on the beat.

　　CORLEY: The attorney general was in Chicago for the swearing-in ceremony for Zachary Fardon, the U.S. attorney for northern Illinois. As an assistant U.S. attorney, Fardon successfully prosecuted²⁰ former Illinois Governor George Ryan on public corruption²¹ charges. Fardon says he doesn't believe the city can arrest its way out of its gang problem.

　　ZACH FARDON: It is too big. It is too deep. It is too insidious²². It starts at too young an age.

　　CORLEY: Fardon says even though his office will continue to focus on public corruption, white collar crime and terrorism, it will also work on violent crime.

　　FARDON: We're all in. We'll be aggressive and strategic in going after the worst of the worst. We do have limited resources, and so we have to focus on the gang leaders, and we have to focus on the violent offenders²³. And we will do that, and we'll do it with vigor²⁴.

　　CORLEY: It's an attitude that the mayor here and even his critics say everyone must have. Just ask Chicago mother Shirley Chambers, who lost all four of her children to gun violence. Cheryl Corley, NPR News, Chicago.

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