整理托福阅读中易考到的词组

　　Although he thought of the key idea in 1951， the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later.

　　2. account for 解释

　　Variations of clay composition and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture¹ and appearance.

　　3. adapt to 使适应于

　　They have been able to adapt to ecological² changes.

　　4， adorn³ with sth 用…装饰

　　Some pots were adorned⁴ with incised or stamped decorations.

　　5.appeal to 吸引

　　Publishing literature consisting of exciting stories that would appeal to both children and adults6.apply to 适用于

　　Ethological theory began to be applied⁵ to research on children in the 1960’s.

　　7.at best 充其量，最多

　　Hunting is at best a precarious⁶ way of procuring⁷ food， even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits.

　　8.at intervals⁸ 相隔一定距离

　　However， at intervals of 10 to 100 years， these glaciers⁹ move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.

　　9.at the expense of sth 在损害…的情况下

　　A multitude of microorganisms make their livings directly at the expense of other creatures.

　　10.at the height of sth 在…最鼎盛时期

　　The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.

　　11.back and forth¹⁰ 来回地

　　They then spiral back and forth between the Earth's magnetic poles very rapidly.

　　12.be absent from 缺席，不在

　　Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power， women line were not considered an important force in history.

　　13.be capable of 能…的

　　Many animals are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools.

　　14. be characterized by 以…为特征

　　The nervous system of vertebrates is characterized by a hollow， dorsal¹¹ nerve cord that ends in the head region as an enlargement， the brain.

　　15.be composed of 由…组成

　　Ocean life is primarily composed of plants.

　　16.be concerned with 与某事物有关

　　Ethnology is concerned with the study of adaptive， or survival， value of behavior and its Evolutionary¹² history.

　　17.be distinct from 与…不同

　　Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets18.be essential to 对…不可缺少

　　Public performance is essential to verbal art.

　　19.be exposed to 使接触，使遭受

　　Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air.

　　20.be far from 离…很远，根本不是

　　But far from being random¹³， molt¹⁴ is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal¹⁵ time and duration.

　　21. be hostile to 极不友好的，极厌恶的

　　Ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans22.be regarded as 被认为是

　　Humanity's primal¹⁶ efforts to systematize the concepts of size， shapes， and number are usually regarded as the earliest mathematics.

　　23.be related to 与…有关的，相联系的

　　Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?

　　24. be responsible for 对…负责

　　In fact， nuclear reactions that convert hydrogen to helium are responsible for most of the energy that stars produce.

　　25. be sensitive to 对…敏感的

　　Ants can be extremely sensitive to these signals.

　　26.be subjected to 经历，遭受

　　Oil is formed when organic material trapped in sediments¹⁸ is slowly buried and subjected to increased temperatures and pressures， transforming it into petroleum¹⁹.

　　27. be superior to 优越于

　　Natural vitamins are superior to synthetic²⁰ ones28 .be traced to 找出根源

　　The ancestry²¹ of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

　　29. be/become aware of 意识到，认识到

　　People became aware of the new service by word of mouth or newspaper advertisements.

　　30. be/become/get accustomed to 习惯于

　　In the harsh environment of northern Europe， Scandinavian women had been accustomed to practicing forms of shifting cultivation²²， and they immediately understood Native American horticulture.

　　31. be/become/get involved in 与…有关联的Two distinct processes are involved in molting²³.

　　32.benefit from 从…中受益

　　Students benefit from schools， which require long hours and homework.

　　33.break down 分解

　　All of these forces slowly break down the Earth's exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually become clay.

　　34.by far 到目前为止

　　Marine²⁴ sediment¹⁷ is by far the most important environment for the preservation²⁵ of fossils.

　　35.by means of 通过，凭借

　　The topic of the passage is developed primarily by means of Adividing the discussion into two major areas.

　　36.by virtue²⁶ of 由于

　　Many are uninhabitable， by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics37.confine to 限制在一定范围之内

　　The delivery service was at first confined to cities.

　　38.conform to 符合

　　Parks should be designed to conform to the topography of the area39.contribute to 有贡献，有助于

　　Transportation contributed to the development and maintenance of trade.

　　40.cope with 对付

　　Under certain circumstance the human body must cope with gases at greater-than-normal atmospheric²⁷ pressure.

　　41.date back to 始于

　　In the United States， rent controls date back to at least World War II.

　　42. depend on 依靠

　　The gulls²⁸ depend on the falcons²⁹ for protection.

　　43. deprive sb/sth of sth 剥夺..某事物

　　Plant stems die when deprived of water.

　　44.derive³⁰ from 获得，起源于

　　Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input³¹.

　　45.due to 由于，因为

　　Due to their dense³² structure， iron meteorites³³ have the best chance of surviving an impact， and most are found by farmers plowing³⁴ their fields.

　　46. evolve from/out of 从...进化来，从…发展来The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual.

　　这些短语都是新托福阅读考试中常考的，而在托福听力中也会有涉及到，把常用的语句记录下来，对托福阅读考试以及听力是比较轻松的。

 

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