科学美国人60秒 SSS 2014-08-15
时间：2014-09-24 08:10:39
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（单词翻译）
As is well known, geckos sell car insurance. But they’re also famous for their extremely adhesive1 feet, which can keep them stuck to walls and even ceilings. Archimedes wondered how they do it. Geckos can also easily loosen their grip and break into a dash, which has flummoxed physicists2. But scientific stick-to-itiveness finally found the on/off switch.
Geckos’ toes are covered in thousands of tiny hairs called setae. These setae can bend to make contact with all the
grooves3 and
crevices4 in a surface. To adhere, the setae rely on small electromagnetic attractions between
molecules5 called van der Waals forces.
Researchers created mathematical models that revealed that the default for gecko feet is non-sticky. To
activate6 the grip, the
lizards7 extend and angle their setae to create millions of contact points with a surface. The research is in the Journal of
Applied8 Physics. [Congcong Hu and P. Alex Greaney, Role of seta angle and
flexibility9 in the gecko adhesion mechanism]
Scientists would love to create
synthetic10 adhesives11 based on the gecko trick. Perhaps by harnessing the power of setae, robots could climb walls, and stick or unstick without
expending12 much energy, just as the gecko does.
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