有声读物《孙子兵法》第6期:第一章 始计(6)

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　　始记篇 NO.6：

　　兵者，诡道也。

　　故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。

　　利而诱之，乱而取之，实而备之，强而避之，怒而挠之，卑而骄之，佚而劳之，亲而离之，攻其无备，出其不意。

　　此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

　　这句啥意思：

　　用兵作战，就是诡诈。

　　因此，有能力而装做没有能力，实际上要攻打而装做不攻打，欲攻打近处却装做攻打远处，攻打远处却装做攻打近处。

　　对方贪利就用利益诱惑他，对方混乱就趁机攻取他，对方强大就要防备他，对方暴躁易怒就可以撩拨他怒而失去理智，对方自卑而谨慎就使他骄傲自大，对方体力充沛就使其劳累，对方内部亲密团结就挑拨离间，要攻打对方没有防备的地方，在对方没有料到的时机发动进攻。

　　这些都是军事家克敌制胜的诀窍，不可先传泄于人也。

　　英文这么说：

　　All warfare¹ is based on deception².

　　Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable;when using our forces, we must seeminactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away;when far away,we must make him believe we are near.

　　Hold out baits to entice³ the enemy. Feign⁴ disorder,and crush him. If he is secure at all points,be prepared for him.If he is in superior strength, evade⁵ him. If your opponent is of cholerictemper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant⁶. If he is takinghis ease, give him no rest.If his forces are united, separate them. Attack him where he isunprepared, appear where you are not expected.

　　These military devices, leading to victory,must not be divulged⁷ beforehand.

　　《出其不意典故》

　　东汉末年，曹操打败了袁绍，平定了北方，高干在并州据地称王，河东卫固、范先表面要求任太守，实际与高干暗通，曹操没有让他们任太守，由杜畿担任河东太守。杜畿说自己孤身前去赴任，让卫固感到出乎意料，然后分化他们来巩固地位。

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