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托福阅读中表示逻辑关系的词

时间:2015-09-16 05:04:44

(单词翻译:单击)

   英语句子的理解很多时候是要去理解其逻辑关系的,常见的逻辑关系有并列,比较,因果,递进,转折等等。句子内有这些逻辑关系,句子和句子之间也有这些逻辑关系,这样才能理清整篇文章的脉络,去完成例如句子简化,插入句子这类题型。新东方网托福频道为大家带来托福阅读中的逻辑关系词,希望大家可以将托福阅读逻辑关系词牢记在心。

  1.因果(明显)
  表示明显因果关系的词汇:
  Therefore, due to, as, for, thus, hence, consequently, because (of), owing to, so (that), as a result, since…
  2.因果(暗含)
  2.1表示“由……而来”的词
  Come from, result from, initiate1 from, derive2 from, originate from…
  2.2表示“导致”的词
  Spark, prompt, be responsible to, stimulate3, cause, make, render, spur, push, motivate,lead to, result in +结果, due to, thanks to,
  2.3 其他
  in that , now that, , in order that, on account of
  3.转折与并列
  3.1表示转折关系
  In contrast (to), while, whereas,nevertheless, in spite of/despite, even if/even though, instead (of), but/yet, conversely, on the contrary, contrary to,different from/differ from, however, rather than, unlike, in fact, actually弱转
  3.2表示并列关系
  Or/and, vice4 versa, also/as well as, both…and…, either...or..., neither…nor…, in (the) the same way, equally, similarly/similar to, like/just like, likewise(同样的), while(与此同时), meanwhile(同时), not only...but also... , more...than
  4.让步
  although,though, even though(if), even, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, anyway, as while(虽然,尽管,即使),still(尽管如此)
  5.总分(举例&总结)
  5.1举例:for example, for instance,such as, including
  5.2总结:in sum, in general, overall, to sum up, on the whole, generally
  6. 递进
  still, also, indeed, furthermore(进一步), moreover(而且,此外), even(甚至,更),besides, additionally, in addition, what's more
  7. 条件
  表示条件概念的词:
  If, supposing (that), providing / provided (that), as(so) long as, in case(if), on condition that…, unless, suppose (that), only if, when
  8.比较结构(隐藏)
  8.1比较级表示最高级
  8.2自身含有最高级含义的词
  Top, favorite, outstanding, maximum…
  9.否定
  9.1明显的否定关系词汇:No, not, never, deny, none, neither…
  9.2暗含的否定关系词汇:little, few, fail to, absence from, lack (of), refuse to…

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1 initiate z6hxz     
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
参考例句:
  • A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
2 derive hmLzH     
v.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自
参考例句:
  • We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
  • We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
3 stimulate wuSwL     
vt.刺激,使兴奋;激励,使…振奋
参考例句:
  • Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
  • Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。
4 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。