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【英语时差8,16】人类最亲密的朋友——狗

时间：2015-12-03 05:51:13

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（单词翻译）

Ya?l: I was walking my cocker spaniel this morning, and we ran into two other dogs---a  great dane almost as tall as I am, and a tiny Chihuahua! I can't believe they are all the   same species!
Don: You know, scientists are making great strides in understanding the genes1 that allow  such a wide range of shapes, sizes and personalities2 in different dog breeds. Did you   know domestic dogs were bred from wolves about 15,000 years ago?
Y: That's pretty recent in evolutionary3 terms, isn't it?
D: Very! Humans have sped up the diversification4 of dogs by selecting for particular   physical or behavioral traits such as size, coat type, trainability, and hunting or  herding5 ability.
     But dogs still show greater variety than any other domesticated6 animal, and for a long   time this variance7 has largely been unexplained.
  A group of genetics researchers collaborated8 with dog breeders and veterinarians to study the DNA9 from 148 different dog breeds. With such a large sample of genes   from very different kinds of dogs, they were able to identify regions in the dog DNA   that are important in regulating some key traits that differ between breeds.
  Four regions were found that may regulate life span, a breed characteristic that   usually decreases with increasing body size. Regions associated with some   behavioral stereotypes10 like herding, pointing and boldness were also identified.
Y: What can they do with this information?
D: The study could have far-reaching benefits for dogs and their owners. With further   research, dog owners and vets11 could use this information to customize the care, diet   and medicines to the particular needs of their breed, and to identify and perhaps   prevent breed-specific diseases.  

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1 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
2 personalities ylOzsg     
n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
  • Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。
3 evolutionary Ctqz7m     
adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的
参考例句：
  • Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
  • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
4 diversification 8scxf     
n.变化，多样化；多种经营
参考例句：
  • The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture. 该研讨会讨论的是农业多种经营。 来自辞典例句
  • Firm diversification is increasingly achieved by the means of takeover and merger. 通过接管和兼并，厂商经营范围日益多样化。 来自辞典例句
5 herding herding     
中畜群
参考例句：
  • The little boy is herding the cattle. 这个小男孩在放牛。
  • They have been herding cattle on the tableland for generations. 他们世世代代在这高原上放牧。
6 domesticated Lu2zBm     
adj.喜欢家庭生活的；（指动物）被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • He is thoroughly domesticated and cooks a delicious chicken casserole. 他精于家务，烹制的砂锅炖小鸡非常可口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The donkey is a domesticated form of the African wild ass. 驴是非洲野驴的一种已驯化的品种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 variance MiXwb     
n.矛盾，不同
参考例句：
  • The question of woman suffrage sets them at variance. 妇女参政的问题使他们发生争执。
  • It is unnatural for brothers to be at variance. 兄弟之间不睦是不近人情的。
8 collaborated c49a4f9c170cb7c268fccb474f5f0d4f     
合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 )； 勾结叛国
参考例句：
  • We have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
  • We have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。
9 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句：
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
10 stereotypes 1ff39410e7d7a101c62ac42c17e0df24     
n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
  • It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
11 vets 3e28450179d627638b3132ebb3ba0906     
abbr.veterans （复数）老手，退伍军人；veterinaries （复数）兽医n.兽医( vet的名词复数 )；老兵；退伍军人；兽医诊所v.审查（某人过去的记录、资格等）( vet的第三人称单数 )；调查；检查；诊疗
参考例句：
  • I helped train many young vets and veterinary nurses too. 我还帮助培训了许多年青的兽医和护士。 来自互联网
  • In fact, we've expanded mental health counseling and services for our vets. 实际上，我们已经扩大了退伍军人的心理健康咨询和服务。 来自互联网

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