低头党注意！常常玩手机的九大风险

晕屏症

Also called "digital motion sickness," symptoms that range from headaches to woozy feelings can occur when you quickly scroll¹ on your smart phone or watch action-packed video on your screen.

这种病也被称为“数字晕车”，症状包括头痛、甚至出现头昏眼花的感觉，这种病可能会发生在你快速刷屏或者看让人觉得很刺激的视频的时候。

The sensation results from a mismatch between sensory² inputs³, Steven Rauch, medical director of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Balance and Vestibular Center and a professor of otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, told the New York Times.

这种感觉是由感官输入的不匹配引起的，马萨诸塞州眼科顾问、来自哈佛大学医学院耳鼻喉科的教授史蒂芬·劳奇对《纽约时报》说道。

“Your sense of balance is different than other senses in that it has lots of inputs,” he said. “When those inputs don’t agree, that’s when you feel dizziness and nausea⁴.” In other words, you experience a "sensory conflict" when you see an active motion but don't physically⁵ feel it.

“与其他感官不同，当有大量信息输入时，人的平衡感会发生改变。”他说，“当输入无效的时候，你就会感到头晕甚至恶心。”换句话说，当你看到一种主动行为而身体却没办法感受到的时候，你就会有一种“感官冲突”的感觉。

Digital motion sickness can happen to anyone, though studies reveal the affliction effects more women than men. Those who have a history of migraines are also more susceptible⁶.

数字晕车这种病在任何人的身上都有可能发生，研究表明，就这种病的发病率而言，女性比男性更高。那些有偏头痛病史的人也同样容易的患这种病。

2. Text Claw

手机依赖症

Avid⁷ texters and Candy Crush enthusiasts⁸ may be subject to text claw, the unofficial term for soreness and cramping⁹ felt in the fingers, wrist and forearm after heavy smartphone use. Any specific motor activity can cause pain in the tendons and muscles when done repeatedly, so if you're always on your phone, it makes sense to feel discomfort¹⁰ in your hands and forearm.

拇指族或者玩太多的糖果大冒险游戏的人都容易得手机依赖症。所谓“手机依赖症”，是对玩手机过多而导致手指、手腕和前臂疼痛甚至出现痉挛的非官方说法。任何不断重复的机械动作都会使经脉跟肌肉感到疼痛。所以如果你还是整天玩手机的话，那你的手跟手臂酸痛就说得通了。

There's not much to be done for preventing the pain (unless you'd like to stop using your devices!), but there are ways to alleviate¹¹ it. Hand stretches, massage¹² and hot/cold treatment can help.

对于这种痛没有什么补救办法（除非你别用那些设备了！），但是有很多办法可以减轻。手部拉伸与按摩以及冷热处理都能有所帮助。

3. Eye Strain

眼睛疲劳

Do you stare at a screen for hours on end? If you're reading this, you very well might. Any activity that requires active use of your eyes -- driving, reading and writing included -- cancause eye fatigue¹³. Staring at your digital devices for long periods of time can lead to sore, irritated and dry eyes, headaches and fatigue, which, in turn, can decrease your productivity. In most cases, eye strain is not a serious issue and can be rectified¹⁴ with "screen breaks," or just taking some time out from the Google machine.

你是不是会一直盯着手机屏幕好几个小时？如果你会的话， 你很可能会眼睛疲劳。任何活动都需要用到眼睛，比如开车、读书还有写东西，这些都会导致眼睛疲劳。长时间盯着你的电子设备会导致眼睛酸痛、发炎、干涩、头痛以及疲劳，从而降低你的生产能力。大部分情况下，眼睛疲劳并不会太严重，并且不看屏幕了就会得到缓解，或者只要远离谷歌设备一会儿就好了。

Experts suggest taking screen breaks every 20 minutes. For 20 seconds, let your eyes scan the room or look out the window and, if they're feeling extra dry, lubricate them with some eye drops.

专家建议每20分钟休息一次，停止看屏幕。用20秒钟来看看你的房间或者窗外，如果你还觉得眼睛有点干涩的话，再滴两滴眼药水。

4. Text Neck

短信脖

Similar to the claw, text neck -- discomfort in the neck and spine¹⁵ -- happens when you spend long periods of time looking down at your smartphone.“It is an epidemic¹⁶ or, at least, it’s very common,” Kenneth Hansraj, chief of spine surgery at New York Spine Surgery and Rehabilitation¹⁷ Medicine, told The Washington Post. “Just look around you, everyone has their heads down.” We're certainly in an era of smartphone obsession¹⁸.

短信脖跟手机依赖症有点相似，即指颈部跟脊椎的不适，是由于你长时间看手机而导致的。“这是一种流行性的，或者说，至少是很常见的病，” 纽约脊柱外科和康复医学科的主任医师肯尼斯·罕斯拉杰对华盛邮报说道：“看看你周围，每个人都低着个头。”我们已经处在一个对手机极度痴迷的时代了。

And according to expert calculations, the angle at which our big heads look down forces our spine to bear the weight of approximately 60 pounds. The habit may lead to people requiring medical spine care at a younger age. Being mindful of how far your neck bends when you're on your phone -- and bending it back to an upright position -- can help reduce the risk of text neck.

而据专家测算，我们的头向下看的角度迫使我们的脊柱承受了大约60磅的重量。这个习惯可能会导致人们年轻的时候就已经需要脊柱治疗了。看手机的时候想象你的脖子有多弯曲，然后回到直立状态，这能帮助你减少得短信脖的风险。

5. Phantom¹⁹ Vibe

震动幻觉

If you've ever imagined your phone going off in your pocket, you've experienced phantom phone vibrations²¹. The phenomenon is incredibly common: One 2012 study revealed that 90 percent of college students experienced the non-existent vibration²⁰. Experiencing fake vibes on a routine basis mirrors a kind of compulsive behavior, and can sometimes hint at feelings of anxiety.

如果你曾经想象过如果口袋里的手机响了，那你就已经体验过手机虚幻震动了。这种现象非常的常见：2012年的一项研究表明90%的大学生都经历过这种根本就不存在的幻觉。在日常中生活中出现这种幻震反映了一种强迫行为，并且有时会激起你的焦虑感。

Reduce these uncomfortable feelings by taking some breaks from your phone: While most of us have our phones nearby for all of our waking hours, doing so is not a necessity for survival. Consider scheduling time to go off the grid²² and live phone free and set some boundaries for moments and spaces where devices are not welcome. Doing so will keep the ghosts out of your pants.

别玩手机了，休息一会儿能帮你减轻这种不适感：我们大多数人在清醒的时候都会把手机放在身边，这样做并不是生存所必须的。考虑一下，安排时间去玩个失踪，远离手机，空出一些远离电子设备的时间或者空间。这样做才会让你不再出现幻觉。

6. Damaged sperm²³

损伤精子

Heat from laptops may damage sperm, according to some research. Notably²⁴, in one study published in the journal Fertility and Sterility²⁵, researchers found that storing sperm samples under a laptop decreased their motility, or ability to move, and led to more DNA²⁶ damage -- both factors that could hurt the chances of reproduction -- than samples stored normally.

一些研究表明，笔记本电脑产生的热量可能会损害到精子。值得注意的是其中一项刊登在《生育与不育》杂志上的研究，研究者们发现，相对正常储存的精子样本来说，在笔记本环境下储存的精子样本能动性（或者说活动能力）降低了，并且导致更多的DNA被破坏了。这两种因素都能影响生殖几率。

7. Pedestrian safety

行人安全

Pedestrian fatalities²⁷ are on the rise because too many smartphone users engage in distracted walking. While focused on the cyber world, many of us can lose reality of the physical one: Researchers say distracted walkers take more time to cross the street and are more likely to neglect traffic lights while less likely to look both ways. Elemental pedestrian safety knowledge is compromised by technology, and the risks are scary. To avoid injury or worse, put your phone away until you've reached a safe spot.

行人死亡人数持续上升，因为太多的手机用户走路的时候还在看手机。专注于网络世界的我们会遗忘这个有形世界的现实：研究者说分心的行人要花更长的时间来过马路，同时更容易忽视红绿灯并且不会去看路的两边。基本的行人安全知识在科技面前都没用，风险太可怕了。为了避免受伤或是更坏的结果，直到抵达安全的地方之前，请把你手机放在口袋里。

8. Overeating

暴饮暴食

It's not necessarily the phone itself that can lead to overeating, but a person's digital food porn habit. Research shows that looking at images of caloric food can incite²⁸ cravings and a person's desire to eat. If you're fallen victim to this diet trap, you might consider unsubscribing to accounts that frequently post irresistible²⁹ images.

其实并不一定是手机本身让人暴饮暴食，而是一个人在玩数字设备时产生饮食欲望的习惯。研究表明，看着那些高热量食物的图片能够激起人们对食物的欲望。如果你正是这种饮食陷阱的受害者的话，你应该要考虑卸载那些频繁发一些让人无法抗拒的图片的软件了。

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