在线英语听力室

快速突破托福综合写作

时间:2015-12-12 05:53:20

(单词翻译:单击)

   很多初次接触考试的学生总是非常担心托福综合写作部分,他们常提出这样的疑问:“怎么考得这么变态啊?读了又听再写!”其实大家完全不必为此如此焦虑,等看完下面的资料,读完下面的托福写作技巧,我相信你一定会豁然开朗!

  首先,summarize,也就是概括阅读和听力文章的主要内容和各三个分论点。
  这其实就是Introduction要写的内容,掌握了概括,第一段就不成问题咯!
  其次,Paraphrase,也就是改写。掌握好了改写句子,你写起文章来将会感觉到如鱼得水,游刃有余。改写其实主要有下面的两种方法:
  第一,使用不同的词汇
  a.使用同义词,比如以下的一些写作高频词汇的同义词,你一定要掌握,出现的尤为频繁。
  important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,
  think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
  nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years, these days
  b.改变词性,这是一种稍微难一些的方法,要求你的语法基础非常好,你才能灵活自如的运用。
  n. → v.
  Eg:When we look at a comparison between A and B…
  When we compare A and B…
  Adj. → n.
  There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
  There are various solutions to the problem.
  c. 使用不同的承接词。承接词在文章当中的使用相当频繁,不仅是段落和段落的连接,还包括句子和句子的连接。记住一些常用的承接词比你的改写将会有极大的作用。
  because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
  but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
  so → therefore, hence, thus, consequently
  d.形容词的逆向表达。在某些形容词上进行修改,会达到非比寻常的效果。
  Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
  Not uncommon→common
  The cheapest → the least expensive
  第二,使用不同的句型
  a. 改变词序。这是非常简单的一种方法,完全不用动脑筋就可以进行改写。常常将句子中的状语(包括状语从句)换位置。
  Eg: For many years, people have believed ….
  →People believed… for many years.
  After this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.
  a. 主动语态和被动语态的互相替换
  Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.
  →This research was performed by trained scientists.
  b. 使用“there be” 句型,可以将一个简单句,马上变成一个加入定语从句或者分词的复杂句。
  Eg: Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
  →There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.
  d. 定语从句,分词和插入语的互相替换
  Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
  →Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004, shows that…
  Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…
  →This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…
  接下来,Cite,即引用。综合写作乃客观写作,只是一个旁观者的角度对这两篇文章的内容进行描述,因此,某观点是出自哪篇文章一定要说清楚。所以,下面的这些句型在综合写作中必不可缺。
  a. According to noun.
  Eg: According to the passage/lecture/author/professor,…
  b. Subject+verbs of reporting +that clause
  The speaker agrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….
  c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in the passage/lecture,...
  最后,Synthesize,也就是连接。具体来讲,就是承接词的使用是相当重要的,将文章当中的重要信息连接起来,体现作者对于两篇文章的理解正确,说明作者的思路清楚。由于综合写作是对两篇文章的比较,所以下面表对比和递进的承接词使用的最频繁。
  a. Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary
  b. Transitional words showing addition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well.
  以上就是分享的托福综合写作技巧的介绍,是不是感觉托福综合写作清晰很多了呢? 也没有那么惧怕与托福写作了呢? 我相信,只要你掌握了上述四大技巧,综合写作对你来说将不再是个难以跨越的关口。

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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

0 compare 9qSzY     
vt.(to,with)比较;(to)把…比作;vi.相比
参考例句:
  • How does your new house compare with your old one?你的新房子和你的旧房子比起来怎样?
  • It is hard to compare.很难比较。
0 believe zQNy5     
v.相信;认为
参考例句:
  • Believe it or not,that's the way it is.信不信由你,反正事情就是这样。
  • I believe what you say.我相信你的话。
0 because EQXyl     
conj.由于,因为
参考例句:
  • Because his car is old.因为他的汽车旧了。
  • He was late because of an accident.他是因事故而迟到的。
0 vital RhVwa     
adj.生死攸关的,重大的,生命的,生机的,至关重要的,所必需的
参考例句:
  • These matters are vital to the national security.这些事情对国家安全至关重要。
  • This point is vital to my argument.这一点对我的论据来说是非常重要的。
0 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
0 addition JJ5yL     
n.加法;附加,附加物,增加部分,加
参考例句:
  • That is a simple addition.那是简单的加法。
  • They've just had an addition to the family.他们家里刚刚添了一口人。
0 shows 5a3b59822122b957b4fe54e3f3c06bda     
v.给…看( show的第三人称单数 );表现出;显露出;上演
参考例句:
  • The research shows that computer games may cause aggression. 研究显示,电脑游戏可能引起好斗情绪。
  • She shows little appreciation of good music. 她感受不到美好音乐的妙处。
0 different LmJyb     
adj.不同的,有区别的,不一致的
参考例句:
  • We are in different classes.我们在不同的班级。
  • I had a different idea.我有一个不同的主意。
0 nonetheless DHFxq     
adv.尽管如此,依然,然而
参考例句:
  • Though he's fool,I like him nonetheless.虽然他很笨,我仍然喜欢他。
  • His face is serious but nonetheless very friendly.他一脸严肃,但还是非常友好。
0 years 75aeb98e5241592ad6a6c2c4c78a16ef     
n.年( year的名词复数 );年纪;一年的期间;某年级的学生
参考例句:
  • She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years. 她尽管年事渐高,仍然十分活跃。
  • Travelling in Europe was something of an anticlimax after the years he'd spent in Africa. 他在非洲生活了多年,到欧洲旅行真是有点太平淡了。
0 problem hQaxH     
n.问题;难题
参考例句:
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • This problem is too hard for me to solve.这个问题太难,我解决不了。
0 contrary fZmy7     
adj.相反的;adv.相反的(地);n.反面,相反
参考例句:
  • My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own.在服装方面,我妹妹的爱好和我完全不同。
  • The result is contrary to expectation.结果跟预料恰好相反。
0 performed d9e6968ee6a637e12373d20379439345     
执行( perform的过去式和过去分词 ); 履行; 表演; 扮演
参考例句:
  • All the statistical computations were performed by the new software system. 所有的统计计算均由新的软件系统完成。
  • The test can be performed in utero. 这一测试可在子宫内进行。
0 according YzQztq     
adj.按照,根据
参考例句:
  • According to the Bible we are all the seed of Adam.根据《圣经》所说的,我们都是亚当的后裔。
  • We must cut our coat according to our cloth this year.今年我们必须学会量入为出。
0 programs 53689aacbba32f62a7ee90c641493951     
n.程序( program的名词复数 );编码指令;[生物学](作为生物的一部分的)密码指令序列;节目单v.(像计算机程序那样)预先确定( program的第三人称单数 );为(计算机)编制程序;为…提供生物程序;(在生物体的程序中)把…译成遗传密码
参考例句:
  • These programs will integrate with your existing software. 这些程序将和你的已有软件可综合成整体。
  • the Customs Service's drug interdiction programs 海关的毒品查禁方案
0 significant lyhwH     
adj.相当数量的;意义重大的;意味深长的
参考例句:
  • Your success today may be significant for your whole future.你今天的成功对你的整个未来可能是重要的。
  • She cast him a significant smile.她向他投去意味深长的一笑。
0 variety fifw8     
n.(不可数)多种多样,各种不同的;(可数)种类
参考例句:
  • The variety of goods in this shop is rich.这家商店货物品种丰富。
  • This variety of dog is very useful for hunting.这种狗对狩猎很有用。
0 moreover qE0xM     
adv.再有,此外,而且
参考例句:
  • The rent is reasonable, and moreover,the location is perfect.这房租合理,而且地点优越。
  • The task is difficult, and moreover,time is pressing.任务艰巨,并且时间紧迫。
0 present 4Qzxt     
n.礼物,现在;adj.当面的,出席的,现在的;v.赠送,提出,呈现
参考例句:
  • Each boy gets a present.每个男孩得到一份礼物。
  • Do you like your present job?你喜欢现在的工作吗?
0 solutions 8692fc447f13b2256b0b4e381de7f382     
n.(solution的复数形式)解答;解决(办法);解释;[数]解法,解式;解决( solution的名词复数 );溶解;溶液;答案
参考例句:
  • There are several solutions round this. 关于这一点有几个解决办法。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Try to think of unusual and ingenious solutions. 尽量想想不同寻常的、巧妙的解决方法。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 consider BYzyP     
v.考虑;思考;认为
参考例句:
  • We should consider what to do next.我们应考虑下一步该怎么办。
  • They consider it better to do it that way.他们以为那样做比较妥当。
0 powerful E1Zzi     
adj.有力的,有权力的,强大的
参考例句:
  • The UN began to get more and more powerful.联合国开始变得越来越强大了。
  • Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最有力的声音!
0 believed ddaba736e9069671a2ef44b52ddad46e     
v.相信( believe的过去式和过去分词 );认为;以为;对…信以为真
参考例句:
  • They believed she was possessed by devils. 他们认为她是魔鬼附身。
  • It would be interesting to know what he really believed. 了解他的真实信仰会是很有意思的。
0 consequently uaNyp     
adv.因此,因而,所以
参考例句:
  • She was a bright and eager student and,consequently,did well in school.她是个聪明好学的学生,因此学习成绩很好。
  • The company went bankrupt and consequently he lost his job.公司破产,因此他失业了。
0 therefore jGdyd     
adv.因此,所以
参考例句:
  • He was busy,therefore,he couldn't come.他忙得很,所以没有来。
  • He was very tired and therefore he fell sound asleep.他非常疲劳,因此就睡熟了。
0     
参考例句:
0 deem jxIx5     
vt.认为,相信;vi.想
参考例句:
  • We deem it necessavy to make this clear to you.这件事我们认为有必要跟你们说清楚。
  • I deem it my duty to help the poor.我认为帮助穷人是我的职责。
0 hence SdJx9     
adv.因此,所以;从此,今后
参考例句:
  • It's handmade and hence expensive.这是手工做的,因此很贵。
  • It is very late; hence you must go to bed.时间已经很晚了,因此你必须睡觉去。
0 owing 5mxz0L     
adj.应付的,未付的
参考例句:
  • He paid what was owing.他付清了所有应付的钱。
  • We have several hundred pounds owing on our car.我们的车还欠几百英镑未付清。
0 least A1Uxn     
adj.最小(少)的;adv.最少(小;不);n.最小(少)
参考例句:
  • He spends at least a part of his time in reading. 他至少有一部分空闲时间看书。
  • The trip will take ten days,at least.这趟旅行顶少得10天时间。
0 due hZDz7     
n.应得物;adj.预定的,应付的,到期的,应有的
参考例句:
  • I received nothing except what was due to me.除了我应得的东西,我并未接受任何东西。
  • The rocket is due to lift off at noon on Friday.火箭定于星期五中午发射。
0 conducted da171f8114a14c2f544bb2b8a0cbdf97     
vt.实施;为人;指挥(军队,乐队等);[物]传导(热,电等)vt.& vi.引导,带领vi.指挥乐队v.引导( conduct的过去式和过去分词 );带领;控制;传导
参考例句:
  • The visit was conducted with all due ceremonial. 访问按照一切应有的礼仪进行。
  • A clergyman friend of the family conducted the funeral. 这家人的一位牧师朋友主持了这场葬礼。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 people XMuxp     
n.人们,人;(the-)人民;一国人民,民族
参考例句:
  • Young people like popular music.年轻人喜欢流行音乐。
  • There are more than five billion people on earth.地球上有50多亿人口。
0 showing yiVz9O     
n.(电影、电视节目等的)展映;放映;(在某事件中或某一期间的)表现;表演v.给…看( show的现在分词 );表现出;显露出;上演
参考例句:
  • This will be the film's first showing on the small screen. 这将是这部电影首次在电视上播放。
  • a map showing the topography of the island 这个岛的地形图
0 continue jYuzj     
v.继续;持续;延续
参考例句:
  • We'll continue with our work.我们要继续做。
  • Even if It'should rain tomorrow,we will continue our work.即使明天下雨,我们也要继续工作。
0 contrast MZZy7     
vt.使与…对比,使与…对照;vi. 与…形成对照;n.对比,对照,差异
参考例句:
  • In contrast with her sister,she is very tall.与姐姐相比,她个子很高。
  • Black hair is a sharp contrast to the white skin.黑发白肤形成鲜明的对照。
0 besides jQsyH     
adv.此外;并且;prep.于…之外;除…以外
参考例句:
  • He had other people to take care of besides me.除了我以外,他还需要照料其他人。
  • Besides English, he has to study German and French.除英语外,他还要学德语和法语。
0 trained 8fd8fd9e40a988345fdd10fcc36f2fd4     
adj.训练过的,受训的v.训练,锻炼,培养( train的过去式和过去分词 );教育;使(植物)朝某方向生长;[园艺学]修剪
参考例句:
  • Staff members are trained to treat customers with civility at all times. 全体职员接受训练,以便在任何时候对顾客都以礼相待。
  • All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练,能够对付持刀袭击。
0 noun JHux3     
n.名词
参考例句:
  • What kind of noun is this?这是哪类名词?
  • This word is a collective noun.这个词是个集体名词。
0 solve Fwiw6     
v.解答(难题),解决;vt.解答,解决
参考例句:
  • I can solve the problem.我能解决这个问题。
  • This problem is too hard for me to solve.这个问题太难,我解决不了。
0 however 5c2xL     
adv.然而;conj.然而,可是,不过
参考例句:
  • It's raining hard.However,I still want to go there.虽然下着大雨,我还是想去那儿。
  • However, this does not always happen.然而,这种情况并不总是发生。
0 figure AkzxI     
n.数字,算术,图解;轮廓;vi.计算,出现,扮演角色;vt.计算在内,估计,推测,认为
参考例句:
  • I will check up the figure.我来核对一下这个数字。
  • I'm watching my figure.我一直注意保持身材。
0 reporting c576a841fd4f333a6f074d68e76a1d37     
n.报告adj.报告的
参考例句:
  • In narrative, the reporting verb is in the past tense. 在叙述过程中,间接引语的动词通常用过去式。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Before reporting he saw the colour of the man's money. 报告前他接受了那男人的钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 cheapest LwmzeQ     
adj.廉价的( cheap的最高级 );低俗的;劣质的;收费低廉的
参考例句:
  • He looked through the suits and selected the cheapest one for me. 他仔细地查看衣服,从中给我挑了一件最便宜的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Even the cheapest was priced at 10 pounds. 即使最便宜的也标价十英镑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 several STMzb     
adj.几个,若干,数个;各个的,各自的
参考例句:
  • Words often have several meanings.单词往往有若干个意思。
  • Several new members have come into the club since last year.自去年以来,又有些新成员加入了俱乐部。
0 furthermore wf4z7     
adv.而且,此外
参考例句:
  • I don't like her because she is too tall and furthermore she smokes too much.我不喜欢她,因为她太高,另外她抽烟太厉害。
  • I don't want to go there,furthermore,I have no time to do so.我不想去那里,而且我也没时间去。
0 work OoOyu     
n.工作,劳动
参考例句:
  • We all work hard.我们都努力工作。
  • Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
0 various Li9w8     
adj.各种各样的,不同的;多方面的,多种的
参考例句:
  • The audience come from various parts of the country.观众来自这个国家的各个地方。
  • There are various ways to express your gratitude.表达谢意的方式多种多样。
0 between qQUyN     
prep.在…之间,在(两者)之间;adv.在中间
参考例句:
  • God will judge between you and me.上帝会在你我之间作出裁决。
  • I will come between twelve and one o'clock.我会在12点至1点之间来。
0 solved ac6f263f90369bef9b31137c03c77c09     
v.解决( solve的过去式和过去分词 );解答;解释;揭示
参考例句:
  • It is becoming increasingly clear that this problem will not be easily solved. 越来越明显的是,这个问题不会轻易解决。
  • She soon heard from her sister how the problem had been solved. 她很快从她姐姐那里了解到问题是如何解决的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 whereas XgQwB     
conj.而,却,反之
参考例句:
  • They want a house,whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一座房子,而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。
  • Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。
0 speaker kv1wu     
n.说话者,发言者;说某种语言者;扬声器
参考例句:
  • Who's the next speaker?下一个该谁发言?
  • He is a poor speaker.他是一个蹩脚的演讲者。
0 recent KUbxv     
adj.近来的,新近的
参考例句:
  • The photo is quite recent.这张照片是新近照的。
  • Things have changed in recent weeks.近几周来情况发生了变化。
0 research SWuxr     
n.探索;调查;研究 vt./vi.调查;研究
参考例句:
  • Research has shown that women live longer than men.调查表明女性比男性寿命长。
  • The research group is ready to start its work.这个研究小组已准备好随时开始工作。
0 crucial Az0xZ     
adj.极重要的,决定性的,关键性的
参考例句:
  • It's a crucial decision.这是一个极其重要的决定。
  • The foreign market was increasingly crucial.国外市场越来越重要了。
0 clause QVuyO     
n.(正式文件或法律文件的)条款,从句,分句
参考例句:
  • The sentence consists of a main clause and a subordinate clause.这句中有一个主句和一个从句。
  • What clause do you require in the contract?你要求在合同中订上什么条款?
0 scientists 0d40887127bee8f7731f5c4f95eb5331     
n.科学家( scientist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Scientists have established a connection between cholesterol levels and heart disease. 科学家已证实胆固醇含量与心脏病之间有关联。
  • Scientists disagree about how the universe was created. 科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的有分歧。
0 world hfPw4     
n.世界
参考例句:
  • We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
  • Welcome to my small world.欢迎光临我的小天地。
0 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
0 expensive OmIx4     
adj.昂贵的,花钱多的
参考例句:
  • The shirt is much too expensive.这件衬衫很昂贵。
  • This is a very expensive shirt.这是非常昂贵的衬衫。
0 nevertheless dGQxD     
conj.然而,不过;adv.仍然,不过
参考例句:
  • The news may be unexpected;nevertheless,it is true.这消息可能是出乎意料的,然而是真实的。
  • We are going nevertheless we shall return.我们要走了,不过我们还要回来。
0 comparison TqEzY     
n.比较,对照;比拟,比喻
参考例句:
  • They make a comparison of New York to a beehive.他们把纽约比作一个蜂巢。
  • This dress is really cheaper by comparison.比较起来,这件衣服确实便宜。
0 words se0zHk     
n.字( word的名词复数 );(说的)话;诺言;口令
参考例句:
  • What were his actual words? 他的原话是什么?
  • Single words are the building blocks of language. 单词是语言结构的基本单位。
0 recently kkvzIc     
adv.近来,最近
参考例句:
  • The book was published as recently as last week.这本书上周刚出版。
  • The weather has been very snowy recently.近来天气多雪。
0 thus ooswC     
adv.如此,这样;因而,从而;例如
参考例句:
  • She studied hard,thus she got high marks.她用功读书,因此获得高分。
  • The matter stands thus.事情就是这样。
0 most 9nczju     
adj.最多的(many,much的最高级)
参考例句:
  • Most students like pop songs.大多数学生喜欢流行歌曲。
  • Math is the most difficult.数学是最难的。
0 used ajBwV     
adj.用旧了的,旧的;习惯于…;过去惯/经常
参考例句:
  • I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
  • He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。
0 computer SXoyQ     
n.电脑,计算机
参考例句:
  • We are interested in computer.我们对计算机感兴趣。
  • I like playing computer games.我喜欢玩电脑游戏。
0 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
0 difficult Gv8xV     
adj.困难的,艰难的,不容易的
参考例句:
  • I find English very difficult.我发现英语很难。
  • It is difficult to climb a mountain.爬山是很艰难的。