2015年的年度词汇是什么?

（单词翻译）

AS IT IS 2015-12-22 What Is the 2015 Word of the Year? 2015年的年度词汇是什么?

The American dictionary Merriam-Webster’s 2015 Word of the Year is not even a word. It is a three-letter suffix¹: -ism.

-Ism is a noun suffix. Merriam-Webster.com defines it as the act, practice, or process of doing something. Major –ism words in 2015 centered on politics, beliefs, and discrimination.

Merriam-Webster chooses its Word of the Year based on how many people look up each word in its online dictionary. It found that seven of the highest-ranking words this year ended in -ism.

One of the highest-ranking -ism words in 2015 was ‘socialism.’ Socialism is a political theory, and a way or organizing a society in which the government, rather than individuals, controls major industries.

Online searches for ‘socialism’ in 2015 increased 169% from last year.

The word’s popularity came from the U.S. presidential race. Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders is a senator from the state of Vermont. He describes himself as a democratic socialist². The term has confused -- and troubled -- some American voters.

The editors at Merriam-Webster say the number of searches for ‘socialism’ increased during Sanders’ campaign events in July. Searches for the word increased again after the first Democratic presidential debate in October.

Other popular -ism words reflect major news events of the year, too. There was a large increase in searches for words like terrorism, fascism, racism³ and feminism.

The word terrorism was most frequently looked up after the shootings and bombings in Paris, France, San Bernardino, California, and Colorado Springs, Colorado.

After the attack in California, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump⁴ spoke⁵ about banning Muslims from coming to the United States. After Trump’s speech, Merriam Webster saw an increase in look-ups for the word fascism. The editors defined fascism as “a political philosophy…that exalts⁷ nation and often race above the individual.”

The protests at the University of Missouri and police violence around the country led to search increases for the word racism in 2015. Racism is defined as poor treatment of or violence against people because of their race.

Another top -ism word was feminism, the belief that women should have equal rights to men. The dictionary’s editors said that Hillary Clinton’s presidential campaign and the media reports on Caitlyn Jenner, who changed her gender⁸, drove the increase in searches of ‘feminism.’

Two more political theories – capitalism⁹ and communism – completed Merriam-Webster’s list of seven high-ranking –ism words of 2015.

This year marked the first time Merriam-Webster has selected a suffix as its Word of the Year.

But Merriam-Webster was not the only dictionary to select a non-word as its  Word of the Year. The Oxford¹⁰ English Dictionary chose an emoji. Emojis are icons¹¹ that share a feeling, mood or thought with an image.

Oxford’s winning emoji was a face crying “tears of joy”. Oxford reported that the “tears of joy” face was the most-used emoji worldwide in 2015.

Words in This Story

suffix – n. a letter or a group of letters that is added to the end of a word to change its meaning or to form a different word

discrimination – n. the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people

exalt⁶ - v. to raise (someone or something) to a higher level

gender – n. the state of being male or female