【英语时差8,16】肉毒杆菌毒素

时间：2016-01-25 06:43:37

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（单词翻译）

In our beauty conscious culture, people will go to great lengths to improve their appearance. Liposuction, tummy tucks, silicone implants--it's all been done. But surely we wouldn't resort to injecting ourselves with a toxic¹ substance that causes botulism, would we? Of course we would, in the form of Botox injections, widely advertised as a quick, easy way to remove wrinkles and crow's-feet.

Botox is the marketing² name given to a neurotoxin called botulinum toxin³ A. This toxin comes from the bacterium⁴ that produces the poisons responsible for causing botulism. Botulism is a form of food poisoning, the most serious symptom of which is paralysis⁵. Botulism-related toxins⁶ attach to nerve endings, where they block their ability to trigger muscle contractions⁷. If muscles can't contract, they can't move, resulting in paralysis.

So why would anyone risk injecting Botox into his or her body? There are legitimate⁸ medical reasons, such as treating spasms⁹ and involuntary muscle contractions. Although the paralyzing effects are not permanent, they can last up to eight months. And as long as Botox is injected directly into a particular muscle group, there's little chance that it will spread to other parts of the body.

As a beauty treatment, Botox does what it's meant to do: paralyze muscles. For example, injecting botox into muscle groups near the eyes will temporarily paralyze those muscles, keeping them from scrunching¹⁰ up. Consequently the wrinkles, or crow's feet, they cause temporarily disappear. In time, however, wrinkles reappear. Not even Botox can permanently¹¹ reverse the march of time.

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收听单词发音

1 toxic
adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的
参考例句：
The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。 There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

2 marketing
n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西
参考例句：
They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。 He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

3 toxin
n.毒素，毒质
参考例句：
Experts have linked this condition to a build-up of toxins in the body.专家已把这一病症与体内毒素的积累联系起来。 Tests showed increased levels of toxin in shellfish.检验表明水生有壳动物的毒素水平提高了。

4 bacterium
n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌
参考例句：
The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。 A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。

5 paralysis
n.麻痹(症)；瘫痪(症)
参考例句：
The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。 The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。

6 toxins
n.毒素( toxin的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The seas have been used as a receptacle for a range of industrial toxins. 海洋成了各种有毒工业废料的大容器。 Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。来自《简明英汉词典》

7 contractions
n.收缩( contraction的名词复数 )；缩减；缩略词；（分娩时）子宫收缩
参考例句：
Contractions are much more common in speech than in writing. 缩略词在口语里比在书写中常见得多。来自《简明英汉词典》 Muscle contractions are powered by the chemical adenosine triphosphate(ATP ). 肌肉收缩是由化学物质三磷酸腺苷(ATP)提供动力的。来自辞典例句

8 legitimate
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。 That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

9 spasms
n.痉挛( spasm的名词复数 )；抽搐；（能量、行为等的）突发；发作
参考例句：
After the patient received acupuncture treatment,his spasms eased off somewhat. 病人接受针刺治疗后，痉挛稍微减轻了。来自《简明英汉词典》 The smile died, squeezed out by spasms of anticipation and anxiety. 一阵阵预测和焦虑把她脸上的微笑挤掉了。来自辞典例句

10 scrunching
v.发出喀嚓声( scrunch的现在分词 )；蜷缩；压；挤压
参考例句：
Her mother was sitting bolt upright, scrunching her white cotton gloves into a ball. 她母亲坐得笔直，把她的白手套揉成了球状。来自柯林斯例句

11 permanently
adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地
参考例句：
The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。 The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。

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