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【英语时差8,16】灵长类动物的疏导

时间：2016-01-25 07:01:23

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（单词翻译）

 

 
If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" is a familiar saying people use when they expect another person to pay them back for a favor.  
 
Humans don't usually scratch each other's backs at the office, but we do find a similar behavior in our closest cousins, monkeys and apes. They engage in "allogrooming," a social interaction in which one individual will sit close to another and comb through its hair, remove dead skin or parasites3, or just touch the individual.
 
Scientists originally thought allogrooming might be a simple form of reciprocity, but after years studying many primate4 species, they discovered it is very complex. Grooming2 not only removes external parasites, it leads to tolerance5, social support, mating advantage and bonding between individuals within a social group.
 
Grooming reduces tension by lowering the heart rate and releasing endorphins that are calming. It is used to reinforce male-female mate bonds as well as same sex friendship bonds. For example, the length of time macaque and capuchin females groom1 each other depends on their social rank. Higher ranked females receive more grooming.
 
Chimpanzees often have bouts6 of allogrooming that go on for hours when reunited with old acquaintances. They also do it to calm emotions following aggressive outbursts by angry adult males.
 
Even though humans do not overtly7 practice allogrooming, we do appreciate going to the barbershop, beauty parlor8 or nail salon9. Petting the family dog has been shown in experiments to reduce the blood pressure of humans. And who wouldn't like a good massage10 after a long day at the office.  

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1 groom 0fHxW     
vt.给（马、狗等）梳毛，照料，使...整洁
参考例句：
  • His father was a groom.他父亲曾是个马夫。
  • George was already being groomed for the top job.为承担这份高级工作，乔治已在接受专门的培训。
2 grooming grooming     
n. 修饰, 美容，（动物）梳理毛发
参考例句：
  • You should always pay attention to personal grooming. 你应随时注意个人仪容。
  • We watched two apes grooming each other. 我们看两只猩猩在互相理毛。
3 parasites a8076647ef34cfbbf9d3cb418df78a08     
寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫
参考例句：
  • These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
  • Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。
4 primate A1YzI     
n.灵长类（目）动物，首席主教；adj.首要的
参考例句：
  • 14 percent of primate species are highly endangered.14%的灵长类物种处于高度濒危状态。
  • The woolly spider monkey is the largest primate in the Americas.绒毛蛛猴是美洲最大的灵长类动物。
5 tolerance Lnswz     
n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差
参考例句：
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
6 bouts 2abe9936190c45115a3f6a38efb27c43     
n.拳击（或摔跤）比赛( bout的名词复数 )；一段（工作）；（尤指坏事的）一通；（疾病的）发作
参考例句：
  • For much of his life he suffered from recurrent bouts of depression. 他的大半辈子反复发作抑郁症。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • It was one of fistiana's most famous championship bouts. 这是拳击界最有名的冠军赛之一。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
7 overtly pmlz1K     
ad.公开地
参考例句：
  • There were some overtly erotic scenes in the film. 影片中有一些公开色情场面。
  • Nietzsche rejected God's law and wrote some overtly blasphemous things. 尼采拒绝上帝的律法，并且写了一些渎神的作品。
8 parlor v4MzU     
n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅
参考例句：
  • She was lying on a small settee in the parlor.她躺在客厅的一张小长椅上。
  • Is there a pizza parlor in the neighborhood?附近有没有比萨店？
9 salon VjTz2Z     
n.[法]沙龙；客厅；营业性的高级服务室
参考例句：
  • Do you go to the hairdresser or beauty salon more than twice a week?你每周去美容院或美容沙龙多过两次吗？
  • You can hear a lot of dirt at a salon.你在沙龙上会听到很多流言蜚语。
10 massage 6ouz43     
n.按摩，揉；vt.按摩，揉，美化，奉承，篡改数据
参考例句：
  • He is really quite skilled in doing massage.他的按摩技术确实不错。
  • Massage helps relieve the tension in one's muscles.按摩可使僵硬的肌肉松弛。

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