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【英语时差8,16】抗生素历史（上）

时间：2016-02-01 05:05:17

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（单词翻译）

When you take an aspirin1, a decongestant, or a muscle relaxant, the drug you’re taking was probably made by a chemist combining a specific mixture of chemicals. Microscopic2 Fungi3 And Bacteria Antibiotics5, on the other hand, are chemicals produced by microscopic fungi or bacteria as part of their normal biological processes. Pharmaceutical6 companies grow the microorganisms, collect the chemicals they produce, and sell the chemicals as antibiotics. To see how antibiotics work in nature, it may help to look at the discovery of the first antibiotic4. In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming was studying Staphylococcus bacteria when one of the bacterial7 cultures became infected with a fungus8 called “penicillium.” Penicillium is a fairly common fungus and is one of the fungi responsible for moldy9 bread. Fleming noticed that the penicillium prevented the Staphylococcus bacteria from growing and reasoned that the fungus must be releasing a chemical that was toxic10 to the bacteria.


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1 aspirin 4yszpM     
n.阿司匹林
参考例句：
  • The aspirin seems to quiet the headache.阿司匹林似乎使头痛减轻了。
  • She went into a chemist's and bought some aspirin.她进了一家药店，买了些阿司匹林。
2 microscopic nDrxq     
adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的
参考例句：
  • It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
  • A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。
3 fungi 6hRx6     
n.真菌，霉菌
参考例句：
  • Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
4 antibiotic KNJzd     
adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素
参考例句：
  • The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
  • Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。
5 antibiotics LzgzQT     
n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
  • The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。
6 pharmaceutical f30zR     
adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的
参考例句：
  • She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
  • We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
7 bacterial dy5z8q     
a.细菌的
参考例句：
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
8 fungus gzRyI     
n.真菌，真菌类植物
参考例句：
  • Mushrooms are a type of fungus.蘑菇是一种真菌。
  • This fungus can just be detected by the unaided eye.这种真菌只用肉眼就能检查出。
9 moldy Q1gya     
adj.发霉的
参考例句：
  • She chucked the moldy potatoes in the dustbin.她把发霉的土豆扔进垃圾箱。
  • Oranges can be kept for a long time without going moldy.橙子可以存放很长时间而不腐烂。
10 toxic inSwc     
adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的
参考例句：
  • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
  • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

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