中国慈善家偏好本地公益和教育

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　　一项追踪富豪捐款行为的研究发现，中国慈善家偏爱本地公益事业和教育机构。

　　The biggest donor¹ in the study of China’s top 100 is Wang Miaotong, the head of Huatong Group, the manufacturing conglomerate². Mr Wang has given away 5.6 per cent of his wealth, according to the Ash Center for Democratic Governance at Harvard University’s Kennedy School.

　　在对中国前100名慈善家的研究中，最慷慨的捐款者是制造业综合企业浙江世纪华通集团董事长王苗通。据哈佛大学(Harvard University)肯尼迪政府学院(Kennedy School)艾什民主治理与创新中心(Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation)称，王苗通捐出了其财富的5.6%。

　　The men and women who made their fortunes from China’s three-decade expansion are reaching an age where they begin thinking about what to do with their money. But they face a wasteland of charity options because China’s communist revolution dismantled³ traditional charity channels such as clan⁴ associations. Beijing remains⁵ suspicious of prominent religious groups or non-governmental organisations.

　　在中国过去三十年的迅速扩张中发家致富的人们，目前已经到了开始思考如何利用其财富的年龄。但是，因为中国的共产主义革命废除了宗亲会等传统慈善渠道，他们可以选择的慈善途径并不多。北京方面对著名的宗教团体以及非政府组织仍然持怀疑态度。

　　But they are slowly joining the ranks of wealthy Asians, especially in Hong Kong, who have decided⁶ to make their mark in a sector⁷ dominated by the fortunes of America’s gilded⁸ age.

　　但是，他们正在慢慢加入亚洲（特别是香港）富豪之列，后者已经决心在由美国镀金时代创造的财富主导的领域崭露头角。

　　Beijing has revised some tax structures and other incentives⁹ to make charity more attractive since a 2010 “billionaires’ banquet” hosted by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett launched a national debate over why China’s wealthy give less than their foreign counterparts.

　　自从2010年比尔盖茨(Bill Gates)和沃伦巴菲特(Warren Buffett)举行的“慈善晚宴”引发有关中国富豪为何比外国富豪捐款少的全国性讨论以来，中国已经对一些税制和其他激励政策进行了修订，以使慈善更具有吸引力。

　　The China Philanthropy Project found that the preference for giving locally benefits the more prosperous, private enterprise-oriented regions that have engendered¹⁰ China’s biggest success stories. Many of the recipients¹¹ identified by the study are government entities¹².

　　“中国慈善项目”(The China Philanthropy Project)发现，在当地捐款的偏好使得那些造就了中国最大的成功故事、经济较为繁荣、私营企业为主的地区受益。该研究发现，很多受益方都是政府机构。

　　Giving locally may reflect gratitude¹³ to the causes that influenced the donor and good business sense, says Peiran Wei, who co-authored the study. “The more local the gift, the more direct the impact on one’s immediate¹⁴ network, and one’s political and social capital.”

　　该研究的共同作者魏沛然称，在当地捐款或许反映出捐赠者对于影响了自己的事业的感激之情以及他们良好的商业头脑。“捐赠越是地方化，对捐赠者直接人际关系及其政治和社会资本的影响就越直接。”

　　Donor choices reflect in large part a traditional reverence¹⁵ for education and the fact that top universities such as Peking or Tsinghua are trying to mimic¹⁶ their US counterparts in tapping graduates’ largesse¹⁷.

　　捐赠者的选择在很大程度上反映出，中国人尊崇教育的传统以及北大、清华等顶尖高校试着效仿美国高校利用校友的慷慨赠与的情况。

　　Of the 100 donors¹⁸ tracked by the study, 17 have created foundations to channel donations. That could reflect the lack of institutional charities and a desire to control their own donations after a series of scandals involving the Chinese Red Cross.

　　在该研究追踪的100位捐赠者中，有17人创建了基金会。这或反映出慈善机构的缺乏，以及在中国红十字会曝出一系列丑闻之后捐赠者控制自己的捐款的意愿。

　　Mr Wei said: “Much of this activity is linked to strengthening the donor’s ability to shape giving in a national philanthropic landscape that is still emerging. It is harder to give to organisations other than those you can control.”

　　魏沛然称：“此类动向大多与增强捐款者在正在兴起的全国做慈善的大环境下管理捐款的能力有关。向那些不受你控制的组织捐款是比较难的。”

　　But do not expect a charitable legacy¹⁹ to match those of Andrew Carnegie or the Rockefellers, at least not yet, said Shawn Shieh, an authority on Chinese civil society and philanthropy. “Most foundations are very young, under-resourced and lack a clear sense of direction,” he said.

　　但是，中国公民社会和慈善方面的权威谢世宏(Shawn Shieh)称，不要指望中国的慈善遗产可以企及安德鲁愠蕓基(Andrew Carnegie)或洛克菲勒家族，至少目前还不能相提并论。“大多数基金会还非常年轻，资源不足，且缺乏明确的方向感，”他称。

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