背诵为王 第 一 册 第 71 课

  71 Computer Chess

In May 1997, IBM's supercomputer, called Deep¹ Blue, beat² Gary Kasparov, the great chess player⁴ from Russia⁵, in New York. This was⁶ the first time a supercomputer had⁷ ever⁸ beaten⁹ a man in traditional¹⁰ chess, although¹¹ men had often lost to computers when playing speed¹² chess. In traditional chess, players¹³ have as³ much time as they want for their moves, but in speed chess their time is limited¹⁴.

The IBM computer is able¹⁵ to know between two and three million¹⁶ chess positions¹⁸ every second. It can make 100 billion¹⁹ moves in the time it takes a man to make one.

The first time Kasparov played Deep Blue was in Philadelphia in 1996. Kasparov won²⁰ that first match. In May 1997 there was a match again, and Deep Blue won. Deep Blue got²¹ $700,000 for the game, and Kasparov took²² home $400,000. Now Kasparov wants to play a third match to decide²³ who is the best player, but IBM says that Deep Blue has "retired²⁴?

supercomputer 超级计算机  traditional 传统的  move 一步棋

position¹⁷ 位置，方位  billion 十亿  retire²⁵ 退休

计算机弈棋

1997年5月，IBM的超级计算机“深蓝”在纽约击败了俄罗斯伟大的国际象棋大师卡斯帕罗夫。虽然下快棋时人们经常输给计算机，但这是超级计算机在传统棋类上第一次击败人类。在下传统棋时，棋手有足够的时间考虑再出棋，而下快棋时思考时间是有限的。IBM的计算机每秒可以计算200万到300万手棋，可以在人走一步棋所需的时间里走1 000亿步棋。  1996年，卡斯帕罗夫在费城第一次与“深蓝”交手，卡斯帕罗夫赢得了比赛。1997年5月，他们又进行了一次比赛，这次“深蓝”赢了。从这场比赛中“深蓝”赢得了70万美元的奖金，而卡斯帕罗夫也将40万美元收至囊中。现在卡斯帕罗夫想进行第三次比赛来看谁才是最好的棋手，而IBM说“深蓝”已经退休了。