万物简史 第45期:埃文斯牧师的宇宙(9)

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　　因此，要是有一位满怀希望、说话细声细气的牧师前来联系，问一声他们有没有可用的星场地图，以便寻找超新星，天文学界一定会认为他的脑子出了毛病。当时，埃文斯只有一台5厘米的天文望远镜--这供业余观星之用倒差不多，但用那玩意儿来搞严肃的宇宙研究还远远不够--他却提出要寻找宇宙里比较稀罕的现象。

　　In the whole of astronomical history before Evans started looking in 1980, fewer than sixty supernovae had been found. (At the time I visited him, in August of 2001, he had just recorded his thirty-fourth visual discovery; a thirty-fifth followed three months later and a thirty-sixth in early 2003.)埃文斯于1980年开始观察，在此之前，整个天文学史上发现的超新星还不到60颗。（到我2001年8月拜访他的时候，他已经记录了他的第34次目视发现；3个月以后，他有了第35次发现；2003年初，第36次。）Evans, however, had certain advantages. Most observers, like most people generally, are in the northern hemisphere, so he had a lot of sky largely to himself, especially at first. He also had speed and his uncanny memory. Large telescopes are cumbersome³ things, and much of their operational time is consumed with being maneuvered⁴ into position. Evans could swing his little sixteen-inch telescope around like a tail gunner in a dogfight, spending no more than a couple of seconds on any particular point in the sky. In consequence, he could observe perhaps four hundred galaxies⁵ in an evening while a large professional telescope would be lucky to do fifty or sixty.

　　然而，埃文斯有着某些优势。大部分观察者像大部分人口一样身处北半球，因此身处南半球的他在很大程度上独自拥有一大片天空，尤其是在最初的时候。他还拥有速度和超人的记忆力。大型天文望远镜是很笨重的东西，移动到位要花掉好多操作时间。埃文斯可以像近距离空战中的机尾射手那样把5厘米小型望远镜转来转去，用几秒钟时间就可以瞄准天空中任何一个特定的点。因此，他一个晚上也许可以观测400个星系，而一台大型专业天文望远镜能观测五六十个就很不错了。

 

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