世界名人简介 第154期: 乌戈·查韦斯

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　　乌戈·查韦斯从1998年到2013年一直担任委内瑞拉总统。查韦斯在国内非常受欢迎，两次连选连任总统。他的政治主张是帮助国内的穷人。查韦斯用国家石油换来的财富与贫穷和无知作斗争。他强烈支持拉丁美洲一体化，坚决反对美国。

　　Chavez was born in 1954 in a mud hut.Both of his parents were school teachers but his family was very poor.He was sent to live with his grandmother in the big city so he could go to school. When he was 17, he enrolled⁴ at the Venezuelan Academy of Military Sciences.He graduated in 1975 with a degree in Military Arts and Science.Chavez's military career lasted 17 years, during which he held several teaching positions.He was a very passionate⁵ teacher and frequently criticized Venezuela's government.He developed a political belief called "Bolivarianism", which was influenced by the thought of the Venezuelan revolutionary Simon Bolivar, andKarl Marx.This shaped his later ideas about helping the people of Venezuela.In 1992, Chavez attempted a coup⁶ to take control of Caracas.He failed but was elevated as a national hero.In 1998 he won the presidential election with 56% of the votes.He introduced major social reforms and nationalized many industries.He also gave land back to Venezuela's poor and introduced free health care and education.He died from respiratory problems on March 6th, 2013, aged⁷ 58.Chavez remains⁸ a popular figure throughout South America.

　　查韦斯1954年出生在一个小泥屋。父母都是老师，但家里很穷。查韦斯被送到大城市和祖母一起居住，这样他才能上学。查韦斯17岁时进入委内瑞拉军事学院学习。1975年毕业，获得了军事艺术和科学专业的硕士学位。查韦斯的军旅生涯持续了17年，此间几次担任指导员一职。查韦斯是一位非常有激情的老师，经常批判委内瑞拉政府。查韦斯受西蒙·玻利瓦尔革命和马克思主义的影响形成了“玻利瓦尔主义”的政治信仰。“玻利瓦尔主义”塑造了查韦斯后来的思想——解救委内瑞拉人民于水火之中。1992年，查韦斯试图发动政变控制加拉加斯。虽然失败了，仍被视为民族英雄。1998年，查韦斯以56%的选票赢得了总统大选。他实施了重大的政治改革，将许多企业国有化。查韦斯把土地还给了委内瑞拉的穷苦人民，并实施了免费医疗服务和教育。查韦斯2013年8月因呼吸系统的问题病逝，享年58岁。查韦斯仍是南美的名人。

　　1.in favour of 支持

　　例句：He often pamphleteers and lectures in favour of free trade.

　　他经常讲演及写小册子支持自由贸易。

　　2.Latin American integration 拉美一体化

　　例句：Latin American integration process is accelerating and at the same time LatinAmerican countries' cooperation with other regional emerging powers is beingstrengthened.

　　拉美一体化进程正在加速推进，同时，拉美国家与其他地区新兴大国的的合作也在加强。

　　3.Bolivarianism 波利瓦尔主义

　　例句：But his book will provide a valuable corrective to the more fanciful outpourings of Bolivarianism which can be expected in the bicentennial junketing.

　　但他的书却给那些对“波利瓦尔主义”过于异想天开的描述提供了一个修正，这也是这场持续两百年的盛宴中很值得期待的事情。

　　4.take control of 控制

　　例句：While they reside there, they take control of our lives.

　　当它们驻留不去时，我们的生活被控制住了。

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