代词的用法

　　1．作人称代词

　　John likes playing Pingpong．/ He always does it in the afternoon．(指代上下文提到的事物)；/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer．/ It's very quiet at the moment．(可指时间、天气、环境等)

　　2．引导词

　　A．作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。

　　It's important² for us to learn a second language³．/ It's no use talking to him．/ It's known⁴ to all that the earth⁵ goes round the sun．

　　B．作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。

　　We feel it our duty⁶ to help others⁷．/ He made⁸ it clear⁹ that he would¹⁰ leave the city．

　　C．强调结构：It is (was¹¹) +被强调部分＋that (或who)…

　　注意：在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。

　　It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起强调句)

　　It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定从)

　　It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起时间状语从句）

　　It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起强调句）

　　3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。

　　—Why don't we take a little break? —Didn't we just have __________?

　　A．it B．that C．one D．this

　　The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．

　　A．they B．it C．one D．which

　　one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。

　　不定代词

　　不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。

　　1、both，either ，neither¹² 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both可用作同位语。both 意为"两者都"，either 表"两者中任一个"，neither表"两者都不"。

　　2、any，none¹³ ，all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all 整个的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可数)。

　　e¹.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing．/ None of us are/is perfect¹⁴．/ All of the village was flooded¹⁵．

　　3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。"特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有"。

　　—How many people are there in the hall ? —None．

　　—who wants to go with him ? —No one(Nobody)．

　　—What can you see in the bottle ?—Nothing．

　　—Is there any water in it ?—None．

　　4、another，the other，the other+复数名词(或the others)，other (或other +复数名词)：another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表"再有"；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other+复数名词(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。

　　—I don't like this，show me another one．

　　If you want to change for a double¹⁶ room you'll have to pay_______$15．

　　A．another B．other C．more D．Each (A)

　　人称、物主、反身、指示代词

　　高考重点要求

　　1．掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2．重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。

　　一．人称代词

　　1）分清主格和宾格形式。

　　eg：—I love you more than her，child ．/ —You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____?

　　A． you；me B．I；you C．you；you D．I；me

　　2)注意约定俗成的用法。

　　—Who is it ? —It's me ．—I'd like to have a rest ．—Me，too．

　　3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人

　　4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等

　　China is a great country．She has a long history．

　　5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they

　　二．物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。

　　三．反身代词

　　1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语；2)单复数的确定；3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。

　　e.g. I'm not quite myself¹⁷ today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself¹⁸ at home．不要拘礼；请随便吧。 / Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？

　　四．指示代词

　　（一）this，that，these those

　　1．在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

　　2．this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel¹⁹ and that is a magazine²⁰．

　　3．this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．

　　4．that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil²¹ output²² in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany²³．

　　（二）such²⁴

　　such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．

　　做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so …that， such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen²⁵ such beautiful flowers．(复数名词前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可为so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing²⁶．(不可数词前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )

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