侏罗纪搏击俱乐部 第108期:鸟类有非常特化的肺

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　　犹他盗龙站立时高三米，体重达半吨，这使其成为白垩纪中期的一个顶级掠食者。

　　The Raptor family is made up of a lot of different individual dinosaurs².

　　迅猛龙家族由很多种不同的恐龙构成。

　　Deinonychus and Dromaeosaurus are examples of Raptors.

　　恐爪龙和驰龙都属于迅猛龙。

　　These animals are built a lot like birds.

　　这些动物构造很像鸟类。

　　Well, when we look at the skeletal design of a Raptor, what we see is very similar to that of a modern turkey or a road runner.

　　当我们观察迅猛龙的骨骼构造时，我们看到的东西非常类似于现代火鸡或槲鹳。

　　So like modern birds, their bones are hollow.

　　所以和现代鸟类一样，它们的骨头是中空的。

　　This means they are very lightly built, but they are still very strong.

　　这意味着它们的重量非常轻，但是它们仍然非常结实。

　　It allows them to run at high rate of speed, but still engage in full-on fights.

　　这使得迅猛龙能以较高速度奔跑，但还能进行全力战斗。

　　But a recent discovery proves that Raptors were even more closely related to birds than once suspected.

　　一个最近的发现证明迅猛龙与鸟类的亲缘关系比之前想象得更近。

　　Birds have really specialized³ lungs.

　　鸟类有非常特化的肺。

　　What they do is, they have a series of air sacks throughout the body, some of them even enter their vertebrae, that fill up with air and push air out, and fill up with air and push air out, like a series of bellows⁴.

　　它们全身有一系列的气囊，有一些甚至进入到它们的脊椎里，气囊充气然后排气，然后再充气排气，就像一系列风箱。

　　But for the Raptors, the air goes into their lungs, but then it's just distributed into vertebra and bones throughout the entire body.

　　但迅猛龙，空气进入到它们的肺，然后直接分散进入脊椎和全身各处的骨头。

　　This is why they are so fast and deadly as hunters.

　　这就是为什么它们成了又快又狠的猎手。

　　Fresh air only travels one way into his body and fueled them with plenty of oxygen.

　　新鲜空气在它们身体内是单向运动为它们带来了大量氧气。

　　Like all members of this family, Utahraptor had massive claws on its hands and feet and used them to slice and dice⁵ its meal.

　　跟这个家族的所以成员一样，犹他盗龙四肢都有巨大的爪子并用它们来切割它的美食。

　　The killing⁶ claw on the foot of Utahraptor like on Dromaeosaurus is definitely his primary weapon.

　　犹他盗龙脚上的猎杀爪和驰龙的类似肯定是它的首要武器。

　　It had stout⁷ powerful legs and the claw tended to be... that the bone core of the claw is aound 8 inches, so with the keratin sheath, that could have been up to 12 inches or longer.

　　它的腿粗壮有力其爪子往往…爪子里的骨质部分长约8英寸，所以加上外面的角质鞘，其长度可达12英寸或更长。

　　So that's Utahraptor's primary weapon.

　　所以那是犹他盗龙的首要武器。

　　But like all meat eaters, it also had a battery of formidable teeth and then huge menace, huge hand claws that could have also inflicted⁸ damage.

　　不过跟所有肉食者一样，它还有满口可怕的利齿和巨大的威胁，前肢巨大的爪子也能够造成伤害。

　　The Raptors were amazingly dexterous⁹ using both feet and hand claws.

　　迅猛龙在使用四肢的爪子是异常地敏捷。

　　Well, picture this animal that would weigh close to 1,000 pounds, was able to kick this thing with slash¹⁰ and strokes, three and four, five-foot long strokes, plunge¹¹ it in through skin a inch thick, slash down, ten inches deep, and cut three feet long.

　　可以想象这个重约五百公斤的动物，能够踢腿并划切这个动物，3到5英尺的一划，陷进一寸厚的皮肤，下切十英寸，切了3英尺长。

　　And do that every couple of seconds.

　　每隔几秒就来一次。

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