美国国家公共电台 NPR Patient Diplomacy And A Reluctance To Act: Obama's Mark On Foreign Policy

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Patient Diplomacy¹ And A Reluctance² To Act: Obama's Mark On Foreign Policy 

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Now, the attacks on New York took place just before the annual meeting of the United Nations there. And today, the assembled world leaders hear from their host. President Obama has defined U.S. foreign policy for almost eight years now, both by what he's done and what he chose not to do. His legacy⁴ ranges from an international climate deal to the Syrian civil war. Now, Obama addresses the U.N. General Assembly one more time. NPR's Scott Horsley reports.

SCOTT HORSLEY, BYLINE⁵: Aides say President Obama has used his annual meetings at the General Assembly to deal with international crises of the moment and to pursue an agenda for U.S. engagement with the rest of the world. There are crises aplenty this year, including the ongoing⁶ terror threat posed by ISIS and nuclear saber-rattling from North Korea. But Derek Chollet, who served under Obama at both the State Department and the Pentagon, argues the U.S. is better positioned to deal with such challenges thanks to Obama's patient engagement throughout his time in office.

DEREK CHOLLET: I contend that by almost every measurement we are better off today than we were eight years ago. That's not to discount the turmoil⁷ in the world. But the question is what the U.S. can do about it.

HORSLEY: Chollet argues the U.S. has done a lot under Obama, such as brokering⁸ the Iran nuclear deal, combating the Ebola virus in West Africa and restoring diplomatic ties with Cuba. But Obama's legacy is also defined by areas where he's resisted action. The president famously summarizes his cautious approach as don't do stupid stuff and Chollet, who's now defense⁹ and security adviser¹⁰ at The German Marshall Fund think tank, says that takes discipline when even some of the president's own advisers¹¹ are clamoring for more action.

CHOLLET: He is willing to buck¹² the trend - what sometimes passes for the conventional wisdom - in service of what a long-term strategy is, and that's of course what successful presidents have to do.

HORSLEY: The most glaring example is Syria where Obama initially¹⁴ resisted calls to arm the rebels battling President Bashar al-Assad and later backed down from his own threat to retaliate¹⁵ for Assad's use of chemical weapons. Obama has used drone strikes and special forces aggressively to target suspected terrorist overseas, including Osama bin¹⁶ Laden¹⁷. But he's been wary¹⁸ of large scale military involvement. That's partly a reaction to what he sees as the mistakes of the George W. Bush administration. But editor David Rothkopf of Foreign Policy magazine worries Obama has over learned that lesson.

DAVID ROTHKOPF: I think the president viewed his mandate¹⁹ as getting us out of Iraq and getting us out of Afghanistan and not getting us into any more wars. What we have seen is if you get out too fast, that creates a void, which contributed to the rise of ISIS. If you don't get in, we have seen some others who have opportunistically gotten involved and made the situation worse.

HORSLEY: Conservative critics go further, saying Obama's reluctance to engage militarily against adversaries²⁰ like Assad has emboldened²¹ other leaders, like Russia's Vladimir Putin and China's Xi Jinping. Here's former Vice¹³ President Dick Cheney speaking last year on CNN.

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DICK CHENEY: We got the Chinese on the march in Southeast Asia. We've got Russia on the march in Europe. We've got ISIS and the caliphate established now in the Middle East. We think the threats against the United States are as great as any time since the end of World War II.

HORSLEY: Obama's defenders²² are not persuaded that a more aggressive U.S. posture²³ in Syria would have made the situation there any better. What it would have done, they argue, is sap the energy from every other piece of the president's foreign policy agenda. Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes made that case on "The Axe²⁴ File" podcast.

(SOUNDBITE OF PODCAST, "THE AXE FILES")

BEN RHODES: What the president has done is he has refused to allow his presidency²⁵ to be dragged into the quicksand of the Middle East. And in doing so, he's found enormous opportunities that are going to transform the standing²⁶ of the United States in the world.

HORSLEY: Supporters point to the Paris climate agreement, which Obama spearheaded in partnership²⁷ with China's Xi. And they say the administration's diplomatic opening to Cuba has paved the way for improved relations throughout the Western Hemisphere. One of the president's top foreign policy priorities has been the effort to raise America's profile in the fast-growing Asia Pacific region. But a central piece of that effort, a 12-nation trade deal, could be jeopardized²⁸ by political opposition²⁹ here at home. The White House warns if Congress fails to pass the trade deal, U.S. credibility in Asia would suffer a serious blow. Obama told reporters last week, he's not giving up.

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PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: The reason that I'm pushing this so hard is because I know and other countries know and China know that if we get this done, advantage America. And if we don't, then we're going to be disadvantaged for a long time to come.

HORSLEY: Because much of the president's foreign policy is crafted with an eye on the long term, it doesn't necessarily lend itself to scorekeeping at a convenient eight-year interval³⁰. But Chollet, the former administration official, thinks historians will view this president more favorably than many foreign policy observers do today.

CHOLLET: Often it takes historical hindsight to appreciate the avoidance of mistakes. And, you know, President Obama certainly has made some mistakes, but I think he's avoided a lot.

HORSLEY: Even as he's tried to focus on the long term, though, Obama's been repeatedly tripped up by crises of the moment. And some, like the Syrian civil war, now in its sixth year, turn out to have lasting³¹ consequences of their own. Scott Horsley, NPR News.