美国学生人类历史 第93期:罗马帝国的故事(3)

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　　他们聚居在大城市郊区肮脏污秽的棚屋里，糟糕的卫生条件使他们极易患病，而一旦染上瘟疫便必死无疑。他们个个心怀不满，怨气冲天。看看吧，他们都曾为祖国而战，可祖国竟如此回报他们！因此，他们很愿意倾听演说家们的煽动言辞。这些野心家别有用心地把这群饿鹰似的人们聚集在自己身旁，很快便成为了国家的严重威胁。

　　But the class of the newly-rich shrugged⁶ its shoulders. "We have our army and our policemen," they argued, "they will keep the mob in order."And they hid themselves behind the high walls of their pleasant villas⁷ and cultivated their gardens and read the poems of a certain Homer which a Greek slave had just translated into very pleasing Latin hexameters.

　　新兴的富人阶级看到这种情形，只是轻描淡写地耸耸肩膀。"我们拥有军队和警察，"富人们争辩道，"他们能使暴徒们保持安静。"随后，他们便躲进自己高墙环绕的舒适别墅，惬意地修花剪草，或是读上几行希腊奴隶为其主子译为优美拉丁文的荷马史诗。

　　In a few families however the old tradition of unselfish service to the Commonwealth⁸ continued. Cornelia, the daughter of Scipio Africanus, had been married to a Roman by the name of Gracchus. She had two sons, Tiberius and Gaius. When the boys grew up they entered politics and tried to bring about certain much-needed reforms. A census⁹ had shown that most of the land of the Italian peninsula was owned by two thousand noble families. Tiberius Gracchus, having been elected a Tribune, tried to help the freemen. He revived two ancient laws which restricted the number of acres which a single owner might possess. In this way he hoped to revive the valuable old class of small and independent freeholders. The newlyrich called him a robber and an enemy of the state.

　　不过在几个贵族世家里，古老共和国时代的质朴品德和无私的服务精神还保持着。科内莉亚是阿非利加将军西皮奥的女儿，她嫁给一位名为格拉古的罗马贵族。她生下两个儿子，一个叫提比略，一个叫盖约斯。长大后，两人都进人了政坛，并努力实施了几项急需的改革措施。提比略·格拉古当选为保民官，他想帮助处于困境自由 民。为此，他恢复了两项古代的法律，把个人可以拥有的土地数量限制在一定的范围内。他希望通过此项改革，复兴对国家极有价值的小土地所有者阶层。可他的行动遭到了富人们的仇视，暴发户们称他为"强盗"和"国家公敌"。

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