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英文书摘精选 昆虫是如何对抗细菌和寄生虫的?

时间:2018-03-28 06:00:49

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(单词翻译)

Imagine that you’re an insect, and that you’ve fallen ill because some bacteria or parasites1 have invaded your body. If you want to make it to a ripe old bug2 age, your body will need to fight off these invaders4.
想象一下,假如你是一只小昆虫,因为某些细菌或寄生虫侵入你的身体导致你生病了。假如你想要寿终正寝的话,那么,你的身体就需要对抗这些外来的入侵者了。

Invaders
入侵者

The problem is that if you’re a bug, your life span may be only a few days long. This means that unlike humans, you simply don’t have the time to lounge around in bed, watching TV and waiting for your body to figure out how to fight off each disease it encounters.
问题在于,假如你是一只小虫,你的存活寿命可能仅几天长。这就意味着你不能像人类一样,还有足够的时间在床上躺着,看看电视,然后看看你的身体是否能抵御并击败这些遇到的疾病。

Still, there’s no reason for your insect self to panic. Evolution has provided you with what scientists call innate5 immunity6, which you inherit from your parents. Innate immunity means that your bug body has the capability7 to instantly recognize and destroy many dangerous intruders.
但是,作为一只小虫,你也没必要为此恐慌或担忧。大自然的进化过程已使你获得科学家们所谓的“先天免疫”能力-这是你从父母那里遗传而来的。先天免疫可以使得你作为昆虫的身体有足够的能力在最短时间内发现并且摧毁这些危险的入侵者们。

Here’s How Innate Immunity Works
接下来是先天免疫系统如何发挥作用

In your bug body there is a fluid called hemolymph, which is equivalent to human blood. If you’re injured, components8 in the hemolymph interact with specialized9 cells in your immune system to clot10 and form a scab that seals off your wound and prevents infection. The hemolymph also contains proteins that are ready to kill invaders like bacteria or fungi11. However, some invaders, like tiny parasitic12 insects, may be too large for the proteins to handle.
在昆虫身体里有一种液体被称为血淋巴,它和人类的血液发挥着相同的作用。当你受伤时,血淋巴里面的某种成分开始与你的免疫系统中某些特殊细胞进行相互作用,从而使得伤口处开始凝结并结痂,并使伤口与外界环境相隔离以避免感染。而且,在血淋巴中还包含某些蛋白质可以有效杀灭这些入侵者,比如细菌或真菌。当然,也有某些入侵者比如小寄生昆虫由于体积较大,蛋白质对它们的杀灭能力还远远不够。

In this case, your body encapsulates the invader3 and walls it off from the rest of the body. The encapsulated invader then stays inside you for the rest of your natural bug life, or until you fly into a windshield, whichever comes first.
在这个案例中,你的身体中封装了入侵者,并与身体其他部分隔开。这个被封装的小小入侵者会与你一起度过余生,又或者可能与你撞上挡风玻璃一起身亡,就看哪一种情况先发生了。


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 parasites a8076647ef34cfbbf9d3cb418df78a08     
寄生物( parasite的名词复数 ); 靠他人为生的人; 诸虫
参考例句:
  • These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的,而与寄生虫无关。
  • Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。
2 bug 5skzf     
n.虫子;故障;窃听器;vt.纠缠;装窃听器
参考例句:
  • There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
  • The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。
3 invader RqzzMm     
n.侵略者,侵犯者,入侵者
参考例句:
  • They suffered a lot under the invader's heel.在侵略者的铁蹄下,他们受尽了奴役。
  • A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
4 invaders 5f4b502b53eb551c767b8cce3965af9f     
入侵者,侵略者,侵入物( invader的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
  • The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。
5 innate xbxzC     
adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的
参考例句:
  • You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
  • Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。
6 immunity dygyQ     
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
参考例句:
  • The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
7 capability JsGzZ     
n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
参考例句:
  • She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
  • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
8 components 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
9 specialized Chuzwe     
adj.专门的,专业化的
参考例句:
  • There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
  • These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
10 clot nWEyr     
n.凝块;v.使凝成块
参考例句:
  • Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
  • The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。
11 fungi 6hRx6     
n.真菌,霉菌
参考例句:
  • Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
12 parasitic 7Lbxx     
adj.寄生的
参考例句:
  • Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?全球变暖是否意味着热带寄生虫病会蔓延呢?
  • By definition,this way of life is parasitic.从其含义来说,这是种寄生虫的生活方式。

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