美国国家公共电台 NPR Warming Waters Push Fish To Cooler Climes, Out Of Some Fishermen's Reach

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RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

The oceans are getting warmer, and fish are noticing. Many that live along U.S. coastlines are moving to cooler water as a result. As NPR's Christopher Joyce reports, a new study finds that trend is likely to continue. And there could be potentially serious consequences for the fishing industry.

CHRISTOPHER JOYCE, BYLINE¹: Fish are as picky about their water temperature as Goldilocks was about her porridge. And ecologist Malin Pinsky of Rutgers University says a warming climate is heating up their coastal² habitats.

MALIN PINSKY: Here in North American waters, that means fish and other marine³ animals - their habitat is shifting further north quite rapidly.

JOYCE: Pinsky studied 686 marine species, ranging from bass⁴ and flounder to crab⁵ and lobster⁶. He projected how much warmer oceans would get and how fish species would probably react to that.

PINSKY: And about 450 of those, we have high certainty in terms of how far they're going to shift in the future.

JOYCE: Some, just a few miles; others, like the Alaskan snow crab that gained fame on the television show "Deadliest Catch," a lot more.

PINSKY: They're projected to move up to 900 miles further north, really dramatic changes for a species that's very important.

JOYCE: Pinsky points out in a research paper in the journal PLOS One that there's a lot of uncertainty⁷ in how fast this will happen. If the climate doesn't warm up too much, fish may take their time and not move too far. If it warms a lot, the fish will move farther and probably faster. Even a shift of a couple of hundred miles can put fish or lobster out of range for small boats. And it's a serious problem for organizations that manage fish stocks.

Richard Seagraves is a scientist formerly⁸ with the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council. He notes that for fish like Southern flounder, each state gets a quota⁹, a catch limit based on where fish used to be decades ago.

RICHARD SEAGRAVES: Some of the Southern states are having trouble catching¹⁰ the quota. And states to the north have more availability of fish. They're moving north.

JOYCE: Seagraves says natural variation in coastal ocean temperatures already gives fisheries managers headaches. He says climate change will make it a lot harder.

Christopher Joyce, NPR News.

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