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美国学生人类历史 第132期:查理曼大帝(4)

时间：2018-06-15 02:10:59

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（单词翻译）

 During the last ten years of the eighth century, however, Charles was obliged to devote himself exclusively to affairs of the South. 不过，到了公元8世纪的最后10年，查理曼不得不将其全部精力放到解决欧洲南部的诸多纠纷之上。

The Pope, Leo III, had been attacked by a band of Roman rowdies and had been left for dead in the street. 教皇利奥八世受到一群罗马暴徒的袭击，暴徒们以为他死了，将他的尸体随便扔在大街上。
Some kind people had bandaged his wounds and had helped him to escape to the camp of Charles, where he asked for help. 一些好心的路人为教皇包扎伤口，并帮助他逃到查理曼的军营。
An army of Franks soon restored quiet and carried Leo back to the Lateran Palace which ever since the days of Constantine, had been the home of the Pope. 一支法兰克军队被迅速派出，平定了罗马城的骚乱。利奥八世在法兰克士兵的护卫下回到拉特兰宫，这里从康士坦丁时代开始，便一直是历代教皇的住所。
That was in December of the year 799. On Christmas day of the next year, Charlemagne, who was staying in Rome, attended the service in the ancient church of St. Peter. 到公元799年12月，即教皇被袭事件发生后第二年的圣诞节，查理曼当时呆在罗马，正在出席在圣彼得古教堂举行的盛大祈祷仪式。
When he arose from prayer, the Pope placed a crown upon his head,  当查理曼念完祷词准备起身之际，教皇把一顶事先准备好的皇冠戴在他头上，
called him Emperor of the Romans and hailed him once more with the title of "Augustus" which had not been heard for hundreds of years. 宣布他为罗马皇帝，并且以好几百年没有使用过的"奥古斯都"的伟大称号，带领众人向他热烈欢呼。
Once more Northern Europe was part of a Roman Empire, but the dignity was held by a German chieftain who could read just a little and never learned to write. 现在，欧洲北部再度成为罗马帝国的一部分了。不过帝国的至高尊严，此时却为一个只认得简单几个字而从未学会过书写的日尔曼酋长所拥有。
But he could fight and for a short while there was order and even the rival emperor in Constantinople sent a letter of approval to his "dear Brother." 不过，他精于作战，在一段时期内恢复了欧洲的和平与秩序。过不多久，甚至连他的对手，君士坦丁堡的东罗马皇帝也写信给这位"亲爱的兄弟"，向他表达亲睦与赞许。
Unfortunately this splendid old man died in the year 814. 很不幸，这位精明能干的老人死于公元814年。
His sons and his grandsons at once began to fight for the largest share of the imperial inheritance. 查理曼一死，他的儿孙立即为争夺最大份额的帝国遗产，相互攻伐，激战连连。

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0     
参考例句：
0 affairs affairs     
n.公共事务，政治事务；事件( affair的名词复数 )；事务；个人的事；发生的事情
参考例句：
  • He was always very discreet about his love affairs. 他对两性关系一贯谨小慎微。
  • His financial affairs were in complete disorder . 他的财务完全是一笔糊涂账。
0 ancient 8LzyY     
adj.古代的，古老的；n.古人
参考例句：
  • This is an ancient story.这是一个古老的故事。
  • Xian is an ancient city.西安是一座古城。
0 approval zNRyq     
n.赞成，同意；批准，认可
参考例句：
  • The audience has expressed its approval.观众已经认可。
  • The teacher signed his approval.老师做了手势表示同意。
0 army mNBy1     
n.军队，陆军，正规军，野战军
参考例句：
  • The army numbered four to five thousand at the start.这支军队开始才有四五千人。
  • What is the total strength of the enemy army?敌军人数总共有多少？
0 arose b901400b84283531824a64b04603b979     
呈现，出现，发生( arise的过去式 )； （由…）引起； 起身
参考例句：
  • Disagreement arose about exactly how to plan the show. 在如何拟定具体演出计划的问题上出现了分歧。
  • The disagreement arose over a different use of terminology. 分歧的缘起在于专门用语使用的不同。
0 attacked c2b80119e7f79c0b0189e097e963f474     
v.攻击，进攻，抨击( attack的过去式和过去分词 )；非难；损害
参考例句：
  • His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
  • When the enemy attacked, we were completely powerless against them. 敌人进攻的时候，我们毫无抵御能力。
0 attended fcc715eb952e17b5526db506813edc39     
v.参加( attend的过去式和过去分词 )；注意，听；照顾；[常用被动语态]（作为结果、情况）伴随
参考例句：
  • The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
  • The conference was attended by delegates from 56 countries. 此次会议有来自56个国家的代表出席。
0 band ePWyE     
n.带子，队，乐队；v.联合，结合
参考例句：
  • Jack drums for the school band.杰克为学校乐队打鼓。
  • The band is playing.乐队正在演奏。
0 bandaged bandaged     
vt.用绷带绑扎（bandage的过去式与过去分词形式）
参考例句：
  • After the doctor treated the wound, it was carefully bandaged. 医生治疗过后，伤口被仔细包扎起来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • "Xiangzi," Mr. Can's hand was bandaged now. " Wash yourself." “祥子，”曹先生的手已裹好，“你洗洗！ 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
0 brother Fsazj     
n.兄弟；同事；同胞
参考例句：
  • My brother is flying a kite in the park.我哥哥正在公园里放风筝。
  • What does your brother do?你的弟弟你干什么的？
0 called 4f33252742282f871b0617168156fd55     
v.叫( call的过去式和过去分词 )；通电话；认为；估计
参考例句：
  • She sensed something was amiss and called the police. 她觉得有点不对头，就叫了警察。
  • I called several times, but only got the answering machine. 我打了几次电话，但只有电话答录机答话。
0 camp 7Tcyl     
n.宿营；野营；营地；vi.露营，扎营
参考例句：
  • We have to go back to camp now.我们现在该回营去了。
  • We shall camp beside our church.我们应该在教堂旁边扎营。
0 carried pwRzy2     
adj.被携带的，被运载的v.支撑( carry的过去式和过去分词 )；携带；输送；运载
参考例句：
  • An examination is carried out before the insertion of the tube. 插入导管前先要进行检查。
  • Regular inspections are carried out at the prison. 经常有人来视察这座监狱。
0 century jUSyd     
n.世纪；百年
参考例句：
  • As a writer, he really belongs to the 18 th century. 作为一个作家, 他的确属于18世纪。
  • We live in the 21st century.我们生活在二十一世纪。
0 Christmas CVMyk     
n.圣诞节
参考例句：
  • The works have closed for the Christmas holiday. 圣诞假期，这些工厂歇工了。
  • Christmas is a yearly festival.圣诞节是一年一度的节日。
0 church SVRyg     
n.教堂，礼拜堂；教会
参考例句：
  • Mary joined a church yesterday.玛丽昨天加入了教会。
  • She was standing on the church steps.她正站在教堂门前的台阶上。
0 could lzvxe     
v.能，可能(can的过去式)；aux.v.(can的过去式)能；可以
参考例句：
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
0 crown JoazY     
n.王冠，王权，顶点；v.使...成王，加冕，居...之顶
参考例句：
  • He won the crown in 1973.他荣获1973年冠军称号。
  • They wanted to crown Caesar king.他们想立凯撒为王。
0 dead cyRxQ     
adj.死的；无生命的；死气沉沉的；adv.完全地
参考例句：
  • Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
  • He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
0 dear KyTxU     
adj.（冠于信函中的称谓，以示礼貌）亲爱的；int.啊！；adv.深爱地；高价地
参考例句：
  • Dear Sir,I am very glad to write to you.亲爱的先生，我能给你写信真是感到十分高兴。
  • All right,dear.好吧，亲爱的。
0 December ixUxs     
n.十二月
参考例句：
  • It often snows in December in Newyork.纽约十二月份经常下雪。
  • Winter lasts from December to February.冬天是从十二月到二月。
0 devote NlSzu     
vt.将…奉献(给)，把...专用于，致力于
参考例句：
  • I devote myself to helping the poor.我致力于帮助穷人。
  • He is determined to devote his life to sicence.他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。
0 died 58e059bce7f67d5fa2bd7c3d5097a174     
vbl.死亡，消逝v.死亡，枯萎( die的过去式和过去分词 )；死时处于（某种状态）或具有（某种身份）adj.死亡的，消逝的
参考例句：
  • He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later. 他被流放到澳大利亚，五年后在那里去世。
  • He was utterly bereft when his wife died. 他的妻子去世时，他十分凄凉。
0 dignity plqzh     
n.尊严，面子，高贵
参考例句：
  • Only a truly free person has human dignity.只有真正自由的人才具有人的尊严。
  • He considered the job beneath his dignity.他认为这种工作有失身份。
0 eighth qqJxa     
n.八分之一；num.第八
参考例句：
  • It is on the eighth page.它在第八页上。
  • August is the eighth month of the year.八月是一年中的第八个月。
0 emperor 0p1xj     
n.皇帝，君主
参考例句：
  • He is a good emperor.他是个好皇帝。
  • The daughter of an emperor does not worry about finding a husband.皇帝女儿不愁嫁。
0 empire Epqxh     
n.帝国，帝权
参考例句：
  • The Thirty Year's War nearly caused the breakup of the empire.30年的战争几乎导致帝国的解体。
  • The British Empire flourished in the 19th century.英帝国在19世纪曾昌盛一时。
0 escape Uijzi     
vi.逃跑，逃避；逃过..的注意；逸出；n.逃跑
参考例句：
  • We had to break the door out to escape from the fire.我们不得不把门砸开以逃避火灾。
  • He didn't allow any word to escape his lips.他守口如瓶。
0 Europe CtKz9J     
n.欧洲
参考例句：
  • Have you traveled in Europe?你到欧洲旅行过吗？
  • We're planning to visit Europe this summer.我们正打算今年夏天去欧洲旅行。
0 even EiUzR     
adj.平坦的，偶数的，相等的；adv.甚至，恰好，正当
参考例句：
  • It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷，今天更冷了。
  • He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少，但教得最好。
0 ever ZijzR     
adv.曾经；永远；不断地；在任何时候；究竟
参考例句：
  • Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？
  • I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮，永远漂亮。
0 exclusively mt9z57     
adv.排斥其他地；单独地；专有地
参考例句：
  • The star has a ski slope reserved exclusively for her.这位明星有一个专门留给她的滑雪场地。
  • The modern cult of beauty is not exclusively a function of wealth.现代对美貌的狂热崇拜并不只是财富的作用。
0 fight Ok0xH     
n.打架，战斗，斗志；v.对抗，打架
参考例句：
  • We are ready to fight again.我们再度准备好战斗。
  • I'll fight with you.我会和你并肩作战。
0 franks 90c649c67e8b48681108548b1579d2e9     
n.坦白的，直率的( frank的名词复数 )；（在信件上）盖邮资已付印记，盖免付邮资印记v.（在信件上）盖邮资已付印记，盖免付邮资印记( frank的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • The Franks were originally a loose confederation of Germanic tribes. 法兰克人原来是日尔曼部落的一个松散部落。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Some move to less pedestrian-friendly areas because of concerns about crime or schools, Franks said. 一些人搬往不利于步行的区域居住是因为犯罪或者学校原因，Franks说。 来自互联网
0 German hf5zV     
adj.德国的，德国人的，德语的；n.德国人，德语
参考例句：
  • He is studying German.他在学习德语。
  • Besides English,he has to study German and French.除英语外，他还要学德语和法语。
0 grandsons 3ccc88e7925d8133e5fa386841ff1c06     
n.（外）孙( grandson的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Aren't Ah Ch'ou and your Ah Hsiung both Fang grandsons? 阿丑跟你们阿凶不是一样的方家孙子。 来自汉英文学 - 围城
  • Your grandsons hand as he plays with your hair? 你的孙儿把玩你鬓发的小手呢？ 来自互联网
0 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
参考例句：
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
0 hailed bcfd38ffa3adcb2bf9687d2775f3b92d     
下雹子( hail的过去式和过去分词 )； 如冰雹般地降下； 致敬； 打招呼
参考例句：
  • The conference was hailed as a great success. 会议被称颂为一次巨大的成功。
  • The new manager has been hailed as the saviour of the club. 新任经理被誉为俱乐部的救星。
0 held Fdyxh     
v.拿（ hold的过去式和过去分词 ）；举行；保留
参考例句：
  • The exhibition is held annually. 这个展览每年举行一次。
  • The gull held the fish in its beak. 海鸥嘴里叼着鱼。
0 help 6dwxc     
v.帮助，帮忙
参考例句：
  • Maybe I can help you.也许我可以帮你。
  • Please help me with English.请帮我学英语。
0 helped 035a29355ff4298742005ef1fb2edfad     
v.帮助( help的过去式和过去分词 )；有助于，有利于；治疗；避免
参考例句：
  • The movie helped boost her screen career. 那部电影有助于她的银幕生涯的发展。
  • They helped themselves from a large dish of pasta. 他们从一大盘意大利面中取一些吃。
0 himself qdRxV     
pron.他自己
参考例句：
  • He is proud of himself.他为自己感到自豪。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
0 however 5c2xL     
adv.然而；conj.然而，可是，不过
参考例句：
  • It's raining hard.However,I still want to go there.虽然下着大雨，我还是想去那儿。
  • However, this does not always happen.然而，这种情况并不总是发生。
0 hundreds cb78ff4b16683451570f56c1bab8f70a     
n.数百；一百( hundred的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Hundreds of people were unable to gain admittance to the hall. 数以百计的人未能获准进入大厅。
  • Hundreds of people attended the funeral. 数百人参加了葬礼。
0 imperial McuzD     
adj.帝王的，至尊的；n.特等品
参考例句：
  • They made an objection to the imperial system with resolution.他们坚决反对帝制。
  • The Prince Imperial passed away last night.皇太子昨晚去世了。
0 just M3rxN     
adv.仅仅，只是；刚刚
参考例句：
  • He is just a child.他只是个孩子。
  • We just missed the train.我们正好没有赶上火车。
0 largest Opcz1k     
adj.大的，多量的；大的( large的最高级 )；大规模的；众多的；（服装、食物、日用品等）大型号的
参考例句：
  • the largest computer company in the world 全球最大的计算机公司
  • The largest contingent was from the United States. 最大的会议代表团来自美国。
0 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。
0 left S1Mxj     
adj.左边的，左倾的，左侧的，左派的，左翼的；adv.在左面；n.左，左边，左派；vbl.leave的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • The museum is on your left.博物馆在你的左边。
  • The bus is turning left.那辆公共汽车正向左边转弯。
0 letter h1Bx1     
n.字母，信
参考例句：
  • This letter is for you.这是你的信。
  • What letter is a question?什么字母是一个问题？
0 never 95Ezl     
adv.从不，决不，不曾；
参考例句：
  • I have never been there.我从未到过那里。
  • I never get a holiday.我从未有过假日。
0 northern WHwxf     
adj.在北方的；北方的
参考例句：
  • The park is in the northern part of the city.公园位于该城市的北部。
  • That's a large city in northern Greece.那是希腊北部的一个大城市。
0 obliged 7053f936ced082040992fddb1865cb8e     
adj.感激，感谢v.迫使做( oblige的过去式和过去分词 )；使负义务；满足请求；施惠
参考例句：
  • We were obliged, faute de mieux, to drink the local beverage. 因为没有更好的饮料，我们只好将就着喝当地的。
  • Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school. 法律规定父母必须送子女入学。
0 once hIFxB     
adv.一次，曾经；conj.一旦；n.一次
参考例句：
  • We met once a week.我们每周见面一次。
  • I once went round the world.我曾周游过世界。
0 order iJJxt     
n.订单；命令；n.顺序，整齐；勋章；阶级，决议；vt.命令； 调整；定购
参考例句：
  • His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。
  • You pay for it at the time you order it.订购时就得付款。
0 palace 7Kox2     
n.皇宫；官殿；豪华大厦
参考例句：
  • It is really a magic palace!那真是一个有魔力的宫殿！
  • What a palace this was!这里可真像皇宫啊！
0 part m45zX     
n.部份，零件；角色，部位；vt.分开，分离，分配；vi.分离，离开；adv.部份地；adj.分离的
参考例句：
  • This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
  • Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色？
0 people XMuxp     
n.人们，人；（the-）人民；一国人民，民族
参考例句：
  • Young people like popular music.年轻人喜欢流行音乐。
  • There are more than five billion people on earth.地球上有50多亿人口。
0 pope EOKxT     
n.（罗马天主教的）教皇
参考例句：
  • The Pope is the spiritual leader of many Christians.教皇是众多基督徒的宗教领袖。
  • The Pope is the supreme leader of the Roman Catholic Church.教皇是罗马天主教的最高领袖。
0 prayer 5Pux5     
n.祈祷，祈求，请求，恳求；祷文，祷告者，恳求者
参考例句：
  • We heard the calling of the bells to prayer.我们听见了召唤祈祷的钟声。
  • Everyone in church knelt in prayer.教堂里每个人都跪着祈祷。
0 quiet u0szS     
adj.安静的；文静的
参考例句：
  • Ask those people to keep quiet.叫那些人保持安静。
  • The quiet lion sleeps during the day.那头安静的狮子白天睡觉。
0 restored 273a9f24fbf78c0b07dba09fd638c6fa     
v.归还( restore的过去式和过去分词 )；交还；使恢复；修复
参考例句：
  • The stolen goods were all restored to their owners. 被偷窃的东西都归还给原主了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Mary was restored to health after a period of medical treatment. 经过一段时间治疗，玛丽康复了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 rival Dhhyq     
n.竞争对手，敌手；vt.与…相匹敌，比得上
参考例句：
  • None of us can rival him in strength.我们谁也没他劲大。
  • She defeat all her rival for the job with nonchalant ease.她从容不迫地击败求职的所有竞争者。
0 Roman rjkzid     
adj.罗马的，罗马人的；罗马帝国的
参考例句：
  • The Roman world is falling.罗马人的天下在土崩瓦解。
  • There was a house in this field in Roman times.古罗马时期这块地里有一座房子。
0 Romans 29a673ce0a8e68c6cd6b13553bb61539     
n.(中的一卷)；古罗马共和国或帝国的人( Roman的名词复数 )；罗马市民；天主教教徒
参考例句：
  • The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material. 罗马人首先使用混凝土作建筑材料。
  • The Romans founded a great city on the banks of this river. 罗马人在这河岸上建立了一座大城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 Rome Pjszih     
n.罗马(意大利首都)
参考例句：
  • I have not been to either Paris or Rome.我既没有到过巴黎也没有到过罗马。
  • We're leaving for Rome next week.我们下星期要到罗马去。
0 sent JzTwc     
v.送( send的过去式和过去分词 )；使作出（某种反应）；派遣；使进入（某状态）
参考例句：
  • The Spanish Armada was sent to attack England in 1588. 1588年西班牙无敌舰队被派遣进攻英国。
  • People were awestruck by the pictures the satellite sent back to earth. 人们对人造卫星送回地球的图片叹为观止。
0 service 0zmwA     
n.服务，公务部门，服役；vt.维护，保养
参考例句：
  • The service in this hotel goes from bad to worse. 这个旅店的服务每况愈下。
  • If I can help you,I am at your service.要是我能帮忙的话，我愿为你效劳。
0 share 5zJwU     
vt./vi.分享，共有，分配；n.共享；份额
参考例句：
  • I will share in the cost with you.我愿意和你一起负担费用。
  • Children should learn to share.小孩应该学会与人分享东西。
0 short ryJwh     
adj.短的；矮的
参考例句：
  • She's short and fat!她又矮又肥！
  • I love to write short stories.我爱写短小的故事。
0 since syswX     
adv.后来；conj.既然，因为，自从；prep.自从
参考例句：
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后，他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
0 soon KwewE     
adv.不久；很快
参考例句：
  • He'll be back soon.他很快就会回来了。
  • You'll be well soon.你不久就会好的。
0 south hwLwO     
n.南，南方
参考例句：
  • Are you from the south?你是南方人吗？
  • The house points to the south.那座房子面朝南。
0 splendid 4v6wE     
adj.光亮的，了不起的，灿烂的，壮丽的，显著的，杰出的
参考例句：
  • He got a splendid present for her.他送她一件极好的礼物。
  • The play was just splendid.这出戏真是太好了。
0 staying Vhlzdj     
n.撑（法）v.停留，停止( stay的现在分词 )；继续处于某种状态
参考例句：
  • The children quickly got bored with staying indoors. 孩子们在屋子里很快就待不住了。
  • The children are staying with their grandparents. 孩子们与祖父母住在一起。
0 street Xt5wk     
n.街，街道；行车道
参考例句：
  • We can cross the street.我们可以过马路了。
  • The building faces the street.这座楼面对大街。
0 title locwU     
n.头衔，名称，标题，所有权，资格，冠军；vt.赋予称号，加标题于；adj.标题的
参考例句：
  • I don't think I am worthy of such an honourable title.这样的光荣称号，我可担当不起。
  • She has won the title of the world's champion.她获得了世界冠军的称号。
0 unfortunately okWwD     
adv.不幸地，可惜的是
参考例句：
  • I called on you yesterday,but unfortunately you were out.昨天我来看你，但是不幸的是你不在。
  • She had gone home,unfortunately.遗憾的是她已回家了。
0 upon PjCwJ     
prep.在……上面
参考例句：
  • I hope that fortune may smile upon you.我希望幸运之神会向你微笑。
  • I rely upon you to finish the work on time.我相信你会准时完成这项工作的。
0 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是，在
参考例句：
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
0 while IeZz7W     
conj.当…的时候；而；虽然；尽管 n.一会儿
参考例句：
  • In a short while,the cat ate up the fish.不久，那只猫便将鱼吃个精光。
  • He teaches English in the school all the while.他一直在这所学校里教英语。
0 wounds 51f1addb21b4344964b762d4eaee4c5f     
n.创伤( wound的名词复数 )；伤口；伤痕；（心灵上的）伤v.使受伤，伤害( wound的第三人称单数 )；使（心灵）受伤，伤感情；偷盗( swipe的过去式和过去分词 )；卷绕
参考例句：
  • It took a long time for the wounds to heal. 伤口过了很长时间才愈合。
  • They've been trying hard to lick their wounds these years. 这几年，他们一直在努力求得失败后的复原。 来自《简明英汉词典》
0 year mfzwM     
n.年，年度，学年；adj./adv.每年，一年一次
参考例句：
  • Four seasons make a year.四季构成了一年。
  • Spring is the beginning of the year.春天是一年的开始。
0 years 75aeb98e5241592ad6a6c2c4c78a16ef     
n.年( year的名词复数 )；年纪；一年的期间；某年级的学生
参考例句：
  • She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years. 她尽管年事渐高，仍然十分活跃。
  • Travelling in Europe was something of an anticlimax after the years he'd spent in Africa. 他在非洲生活了多年，到欧洲旅行真是有点太平淡了。

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