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美国国家公共电台 NPR Want Your Child To Eat (Almost) Everything? There Is A Way

时间:2018-06-20 02:16:27

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MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

If you have a picky eater in your house, listen up. Getting kids to try new things and eat a healthy mix of good food has become such a struggle, but it doesn't have to be this way. As part of an NPR series, How To Raise A Human, NPR's Maria Godoy has this report.

VIJI SUNDARAM: Here you go, Ashwin.

ASHWIN GOLLAPALLI: Mom, it isn't even spicy1.

MARIA GODOY, BYLINE2: Little Ashwin Gollapalli is just 5, but man is his palate sophisticated. One of his favorite foods is a Indian pickle3 made of lemons preserved with spicy red chilis, salt and oil.

ASHWIN: Yum, pickle (laughter).

GODOY: I watch as he digs into a plate in his family's kitchen in Northern Virginia. I had some, too. It's tasty but so hot it leaves my lips tingling4. But Ashwin - he just wants more.

ASHWIN: More pickle. More pickle.

GODOY: How did little Ashwin develop such a broad palate? Turns out his parents set him up from his very first bite. Ashwin's mom, Viji Sundaram, explains that it all starts with a Hindu ceremony called...

SUNDARAM: Annaprasna - or Annaprasana. Like, different regions have different way. So I come from Chennai, so we call it Annaprasna.

GODOY: The ceremony marks baby's first taste of solid food.

SUNDARAM: People gather around, and they bless the child and say, OK. From this point onwards, you are eating something else that is not your mom's milk. And, you know, you are blessed. Be confident that this will, you know, agree with you, and this nutrition is going to make you grow.

GODOY: So it's like a blessing5 for a healthy life.

SUNDARAM: Yeah, a blessing for a healthy - literally6, it's blessing for a healthy life. That's what it is.

GODOY: Baby's first bite is traditionally rice boiled in milk with a little bit of honey. It's considered an auspicious7 dish in Indian culture.

SUNDARAM: So everybody who is present will, you know, dip little bit of that and then put it in his mouth, and that's, like, the first food he's eaten.

GODOY: After that, a whole world of flavor opens up for baby.

SUNDARAM: We start at the beginning with yogurt.

GODOY: Lentils and rice come right away, too. By around seven months, Viji's babies were eating more challenging flavors like rasam. It's a spicy Indian soup made with tamarind, chilis and cumin. At first, Viji would temper the strong flavors with a little bit of yogurt or ghee, a type of clarified butter.

SUNDARAM: We mix a little bit of that in the rice, really mashed8, cooked rice, and give it to them and slowly condition them. So by one year, they eat food - the normal food.

GODOY: In other words, Viji's kids were eating whatever the rest of the family was eating from the get-go. Viji says that's how she was raised back in India, and it's the way most cultures have fed their kids for most of human history. But American culture sends parents a very different message - kids menus full of so-called kid food like chicken nuggets, pizza and fries are everywhere. And, of course, they're popular. Fatty, salty and sweet foods appeal to kids. It's basic biology.

LEANN BIRCH: They're born preferring salty and sweet. And, if those tastes are in foods, most kids are going to be very attracted to them.

GODOY: That's psychologist Leann Birch with the University of Georgia. She's spent more than four decades researching why kids eat what they eat. We spoke9 via Skype, and she said parents should expect their kids to reject new foods at first.

BIRCH: And that's really just an in-built, you know, response to something that's new.

GODOY: But if you expose kids enough times to different flavors, including sour, bitter and even spicy ones, but don't force it...

BIRCH: You know, with no pressure to actually consume it, they typically will learn to eat a lot of new things.

GODOY: Some people recommend sprinkling a bit of sugar or salt to help kids accept new foods. But Birch says you have to be careful.

BIRCH: That works, but it can come back to bite you, I think.

GODOY: Because the kid might end up only liking10 the food that way. But Birch says many American parents aren't just battling biology. They're also battling our food culture.

BIRCH: If you think about what the food industry puts out for children between the ages of 2 and 12 as things that are appropriate for them to eat, you know, they're really making it difficult for parents to promote consumption of fruits and vegetables and a healthy, non-processed kind of diet.

GODOY: And that might be the bigger battle, really.

BIRCH: It is the bigger battle.

GODOY: Ideally, all kids would eat whatever their parents eat from the time they start solids. Pediatrician Eric Ball works with CHOC Children's Health Network in Southern California. He says that ideal can be hard for parents to live up to.

ERIC BALL: You know, it's hard as a parent to go to work, to make money, to come home, to try to whip together a dinner really fast and serve it to your kid, and then they don't touch it.

GODOY: Ball spends a lot of time counseling parents on nutrition, and he says this situation is pretty common.

BALL: And it's very, very tempting11 to just give them something else - you know, make them a peanut butter and jelly sandwich or chicken nuggets.

GODOY: And he says it's OK to do that every once in a while.

BALL: But, over time, that gets worse and worse and worse.

GODOY: Instead, Ball says parents need to be role models for their kids at the dinner table.

BALL: In other words, parents have to eat what they want their children to eat.

GODOY: And if you don't want your kid to demand chicken nuggets and ice cream, don't bring them home.

BALL: So once a food is brought into your house, the child is either going to eat it or you're going to have a fight about it. So you're going to lose either way.

GODOY: But if you've made a nutritious12 meal, and your kid still won't eat it, Ball says don't stress out about it. Your kid won't starve.

BALL: I very firmly believe that children do a really good job of eating when they're hungry and not eating when they're not hungry.

GODOY: Ball points to advice his mother-in-law received from a pediatrician 40 years ago, back when his wife was a toddler.

BALL: Expect her to eat one meal, play with one meal and ignore one meal.

GODOY: He says that's still excellent advice for parents today.

Maria Godoy, NPR News.


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 spicy zhvzrC     
adj.加香料的;辛辣的,有风味的
参考例句:
  • The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
  • Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。
2 byline sSXyQ     
n.署名;v.署名
参考例句:
  • His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
  • We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。
3 pickle mSszf     
n.腌汁,泡菜;v.腌,泡
参考例句:
  • Mother used to pickle onions.妈妈过去常腌制洋葱。
  • Meat can be preserved in pickle.肉可以保存在卤水里。
4 tingling LgTzGu     
v.有刺痛感( tingle的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • My ears are tingling [humming; ringing; singing]. 我耳鸣。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • My tongue is tingling. 舌头发麻。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
5 blessing UxDztJ     
n.祈神赐福;祷告;祝福,祝愿
参考例句:
  • The blessing was said in Hebrew.祷告用了希伯来语。
  • A double blessing has descended upon the house.双喜临门。
6 literally 28Wzv     
adv.照字面意义,逐字地;确实
参考例句:
  • He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
  • Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候,她不走到真正要昏厥了,决不肯坐下来。
7 auspicious vu8zs     
adj.吉利的;幸运的,吉兆的
参考例句:
  • The publication of my first book was an auspicious beginning of my career.我的第一本书的出版是我事业吉祥的开始。
  • With favorable weather conditions it was an auspicious moment to set sail.风和日丽,正是扬帆出海的黄道吉日。
8 mashed Jotz5Y     
a.捣烂的
参考例句:
  • two scoops of mashed potato 两勺土豆泥
  • Just one scoop of mashed potato for me, please. 请给我盛一勺土豆泥。
9 spoke XryyC     
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
参考例句:
  • They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
  • The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
10 liking mpXzQ5     
n.爱好;嗜好;喜欢
参考例句:
  • The word palate also means taste or liking.Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。
  • I must admit I have no liking for exaggeration.我必须承认我不喜欢夸大其词。
11 tempting wgAzd4     
a.诱人的, 吸引人的
参考例句:
  • It is tempting to idealize the past. 人都爱把过去的日子说得那么美好。
  • It was a tempting offer. 这是个诱人的提议。
12 nutritious xHzxO     
adj.有营养的,营养价值高的
参考例句:
  • Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
  • Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。

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