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英语PK台 第559期:零基础学英语时态(13)

时间:2018-08-28 05:56:19

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(单词翻译)

   现在完成进行时

  现在完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。(与since, for连用时,要用连续性动词,不可用瞬间动词,但连续性动词常常表示动作会进行下去)
  基本结构:主语+助动词(have/has)+been+doing+其他成分
  更多构成:I / we / you / they have been + 动词的现在分词;He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词
  现在完成进行时的用法
  1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
  例句:
  The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
  中国有2000年的造纸历史。(动作还将继续下去)
  I have been learning English since three years ago.
  三年以来我一直在学英语。(动作还将继续下去)
  2.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
  例句:
  We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
  我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到,还会继续等)
  3.表示持续一直做下去的状态:
  例句:
  They have been living in this city for ten years.
  他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。(动作还将继续下去)
  I have been working here for five years.
  我在这里已经工作五年了。(动作还将继续下去)
  I have been writing a book.
  我一直在写一本书。(动作还将继续下去)
  They have been building a bridge.
  他们一直在造一座桥。(动作还将继续下去)
  4.表示现在以前一直在进行的动作强调动作的未完成性
  例句:
  It has been raining for 3 days。
  已经下了3天的雨了(现在还没停止)
  5.注意:表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
  例句:
  I have known him for years.
  我认识他已经好几年了。
  错误:I have been knowing...
  这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有:love爱,like喜欢,hate讨厌,think想,等等。
  现在完成进行时与现在完成时的比较
  1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。
  例句:
  (a)We have been cleaning the classroom.
  (b)We have cleaned the classroom.
  (a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。
  (b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”
  其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。
  (a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,
  (b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
  例句:
  (a)Be careful! John has been painting the door.
  (b)John has painted the door.
  (a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。
  (b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了。
  2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。
  例句:
  (a)They have been widening the road.
  (b)They have widened the road.
  (a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。
  (b)句的意思则是已完工了。
  3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:
  例句:
  (a)My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.
  (b)My mother has taught English for twenty years.
  (a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。
  (b)句则较为正式。
  (a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去,
  (b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
  4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
  例句:
  (a)Have you been meeting her lately?
  (b)Have you met her lately?
  (a)句有“经常相会”之意,
  (b)句则没有。
  (5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。
  例句:
  (a)What have you been doing?
  (b)What have you done?
  (a)句表示惊异。
  (b)句只是一个问题。
  (a)Have you been waiting long?
  (b)Have you waited long?
  (a)句较(b)句生动。
  (a)句比较口语化。
  例句:
  (a)I have been wanting to meet you for long.
  (b)I have long wanted to meet you.
  (a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。
  例句:
  (a)Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.
  (b)Recently Mary has done her work regularly.
  (a)句显然是在表扬玛丽。
  (b)只说明一个事实。

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0 bridge kSkyp     
n.桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.渡过,架桥
参考例句:
  • There are two bookshops near the bridge.大桥附近有两家书店。
  • I am strange at bridge.我对桥牌是外行。
0 cleaning Uw8zFq     
n.清洁,打扫;(家畜等的)胞衣v.(使)清洁( clean的现在分词 );变干净;除去…的灰尘;使…干净
参考例句:
  • They pay someone to do the cleaning . 他们花钱雇人打扫。
  • I have organized the cleaning on a day-to-day basis , until our usual cleaner returns. 我已安排了在清洁工回来之前每天的清洁工作。
0 working KeCzHO     
adj.(涉及)工作的;(人)有工作的;(时间)用于工作上的;(想法等)可作为基础的v.(使)工作( work的现在分词);(使)运作;运转;(使)产生效果n.工作;活动;制作;操纵
参考例句:
  • I had always been attracted by the idea of working abroad. 我总是向往去国外工作。
  • childcare facilities for working parents 为职业父母提供的照管儿童的设施
0 painting Hm7zDb     
n.油画;水彩画
参考例句:
  • I know something about painting.我懂一点绘画。
  • I painted a water painting.我画了一幅水彩画。
0 careful iTUyE     
adj.小心的;仔细的
参考例句:
  • I'll be more careful next time.下次我会更小心的。
  • He is a very careful typist.他是一个细心的打字员。
0 widened b2d6902f43cf911469f3f14f235ddb8f     
放宽,加宽, (使)变宽( widen的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Her eyes widened in surprise. 她惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
  • The geographical scope of product markets has widened since the war. 战后产品市场的地理范围扩大了。
0 city rVdyB     
n.市;城市;都市
参考例句:
  • Taipei city is an international city.台北市是国际都市。
  • Do you like living in the city?你喜欢住在都市里吗?
0 meet 4C9xg     
v.相遇;集合;和…会见;接;满足;n.集会
参考例句:
  • I am very glad to meet you.我很高兴遇见你。
  • I'll meet him tomorrow.我明天去和他会面。
0 road SXIxc     
n.道路,公路
参考例句:
  • They walked slowly along the road.他们沿公路慢慢走。
  • There's a hotel across the road.路的另一边有一家旅馆。
0 met wCyxO     
v.相遇( meet的过去式和过去分词 );相识;开会;接触(某物)
参考例句:
  • I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport. 我会安排人到机场接你。
  • She hangs out with the arty types she met at drama school. 她和一些在戏剧学校认识的附庸风雅的朋友常混在一起。
0 work OoOyu     
n.工作,劳动
参考例句:
  • We all work hard.我们都努力工作。
  • Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
0 classroom ZVAyN     
n.教室,课堂
参考例句:
  • We work in our classroom.我们在教室里学习。
  • The students cleaned the classroom.学生们打扫了教室。
0 twenty zUbzN     
num.二十
参考例句:
  • This textbook has twenty lessons.这课本有二十课。
  • There are twenty tomatoes in the box.箱子里有二十个西红柿。
0 half LemzT     
n./adj.半,一半,半个
参考例句:
  • Half of six is three.六的一半是三。
  • Half of the students go to school early.一半的学生上学早。
0 years 75aeb98e5241592ad6a6c2c4c78a16ef     
n.年( year的名词复数 );年纪;一年的期间;某年级的学生
参考例句:
  • She is still very active, in spite of her advancing years. 她尽管年事渐高,仍然十分活跃。
  • Travelling in Europe was something of an anticlimax after the years he'd spent in Africa. 他在非洲生活了多年,到欧洲旅行真是有点太平淡了。
0 widening f8abd589fe5315a840cfec50d833e634     
n.扩展,加宽
参考例句:
  • They have ordered the widening of the road where the incident took place.他们已下令拓宽出事路段。
0 waiting Kejznr     
n.等候;(宫廷中的)侍奉;侍女;侍奉期间adj.等待的;(尤指因迟到)让人等候;服侍的;(用于告诉某人立刻行动)你还在等什么呢v.等候( wait的现在分词 );等待;(尤指长期地)希望;盼望
参考例句:
  • waiting in the airport lounge 在机场候机厅等候
  • I'm still waiting for confirmation of the test results. 我仍在等待考试结果的通知书。
0 meeting MowzDB     
n.会议;集会
参考例句:
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
0     
参考例句:
0 living bpPzW0     
adj.活的,活着的,现存的;逼真的,一模一样的;生活的,维持生活的;n.生活,生计
参考例句:
  • Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
  • I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
0 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
0 teaching ngEziT     
n.教学,执教,任教,讲授;(复数)教诲
参考例句:
  • We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
  • He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
0 ago LKGyH     
adv./adj.以前(的),以往(的)
参考例句:
  • Where were you two years ago?两年前你在哪里?
  • Sheila was here a moment ago.不久以前希拉还在这里。
0 writing aeGzKN     
n.写,写作;著作,文学作品
参考例句:
  • I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
  • Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗?
0 painted Bm5zDM     
adj.描画的,着色的v.画,绘画( paint的过去式和过去分词 );描绘;在…上涂涂料[油漆];往(指甲、嘴唇等上)施化妆品
参考例句:
  • She threw a hissy fit because her dressing room wasn't painted blue. 她发脾气是因为她的梳妆室没有漆成蓝色。
  • He had his portrait painted in uniform. 他让人画了一幅身着制服的画像。
0 learning wpSzFe     
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
参考例句:
  • When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
  • Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。
0 lately q21xT     
adv.最近,不久前
参考例句:
  • I don't like reading novels lately.近来我不喜欢读小说。
  • She's only lately begun working here.最近她才开始在这儿工作。
0 known hpKzdc     
adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
参考例句:
  • He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
  • He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
0 mother dE0xW     
n.母亲,妈妈
参考例句:
  • My mother gave me a kiss on the forehead.妈妈吻了我的前额。
  • Where is my mother?我的妈妈在哪里?
0 long M01xN     
adj.长的
参考例句:
  • Summer is the season of long days.夏天是日长的季节。
  • Winter is the season of long nights.冬季是夜长的季节。
0 regularly aVuxw     
adv.有规则地,一丝不苟地,正式地
参考例句:
  • Check the engine oil level regularly.要时常检查机油量。
  • We meet regularly to discuss business.我们定期会面讨论事务。
0 waited ef8aedfba752a34e8df9d1f23df2b91c     
v.等候( wait的过去式和过去分词 );等待;(尤指长期地)希望;盼望
参考例句:
  • MPs waited for the chancellor's announcement. 议员们等待着财政大臣发布公告。
  • Survivors waited for the rescue boats, dazed and frightened. 生还者不知所措,心有余悸,等待着救援船只。
0 taught Sq2wK     
v.teach的过去式过去分词
参考例句:
  • Children must be taught to be careful of traffic.必须教育孩子要当心车辆。
  • Miss Brown taught my daughter last year.去年是布朗小姐教我女儿的。
0 building fxGzAJ     
n.建筑物,大楼;建筑
参考例句:
  • What's your favourite building?你最喜欢什么建筑物?
  • It's a fine building.这所房子真漂亮。
0 thousand 6ojwe     
num./n./a.一千;(pl.)许许多多,成千上万
参考例句:
  • How many hundreds are there in a thousand?一千里有多少个一百?
  • The college has five thousand teachers and students in all.该校共有师生5千人。
0 cleaned a4700e713f1af77bf91ee2f9242cbb0b     
v.(使)清洁( clean的过去式和过去分词 );变干净;除去…的灰尘;使…干净
参考例句:
  • This garment must be dry-cleaned only. 这件衣服只可干洗。
  • She cleaned a small segment of the painting. 她擦干净了这幅画的一小部分。

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