万物简史 第490期:多灾多难的生命进程(10)
时间：2018-12-11 06:04:45
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（单词翻译）
Dinosaurs1, whales, birds, humans, even fish— all are tetrapods, which clearly suggests they come from a single common ancestor. 恐龙、鲸、鸟、人甚至鱼——都是四足动物。这显然表明，它们出自一个共同的祖先。
The clue to this ancestor, it was assumed, would be found in the Devonian era, from about 400 million years ago. 据认为，这个祖先的线索要在大约4亿年以前的泥盆纪寻找。
Before that time nothing walked on land. 在此之前，陆地上没有行走的动物。
After that time lots of things did. 在此之后，许多动物在陆地上行走。
Luckily the team found just such a creature, a three-foot-long animal called an Ichthyostega. 很走运，那个小组恰好发现一个这样的动物。一个1米长的名叫鱼甲龙的动物。
The analysis of the fossil fell to Jarvik, who began his study in 1948 and kept at it for the next forty-eight years. 分析那个化石的任务落在贾维克身上。他于l948年开始研究，这项研究持续了48年。
Unfortunately, Jarvik refused to let anyone study his tetrapod. 不幸的是，贾维克不让别人插手他的研究工作。
The world's paleontologists had to be content with two
sketchy2 interim3 papers in which Jarvik
noted4 世界上的古生物学家不得不满足于两篇简短的临时性论文。贾维克在论文中指出，
that the creature had five fingers in each of four limbs, confirming its ancestral importance. 那种动物有4肢，每肢有5个指头，确认了它的祖先地位。
Jarvik died in 1998. 贾维克于l998年去世。
After his death, other paleontologists eagerly examined the
specimen6 and found that Jarvik had
severely7 miscounted the fingers and toes, 他死了以后，别的古生物学家连忙对那件标本做了仔细研究，发现贾维克把指头或脚趾的数目大大地数错了，
there were actually eight on each limb—and failed to observe that the fish could not possibly have walked. 每肢其实有8个——而且没有注意到那种鱼很可能不会走路。
The structure of the
fin5 was such that it would have
collapsed8 under its own weight. 从鳍的结构看来，它支撑不起自身的重量。
Needless to say, this did not do a great deal to advance our understanding of the first land animals. 不用说，这对增进我们对第一批陆地动物的了解没有作出多大贡献。
Today three early tetrapods are known and none has five
digits9. 今天，已经知道早期有三种四足动物，但没有一种跟数字5有关系。
In short, we don't know quite where we came from. 总之，我们不大清楚我们是从哪儿来的。
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