VOA慢速英语2019--Dog DNA Testing on the Rise

（单词翻译）

More and more Americans are examining their own genetic¹ information to find answers about health issues and family history.

And more and more are also doing the same for their dogs.

Genetic testing for dogs has increased in recent years. Several companies offer in-home DNA² tests that are similar to those designed for humans.

These tests offer a deep look at an animal’s genetic history. The tests require just a small amount of material collected from inside a dog’s mouth.

More than 1 million dogs have been tested in the last 10 years.

The growing popularity of the tests has led to debate about their abilities and limitations. But to many dog owners, DNA tests are a good way to get to know their beloved pets.

Lisa Topol of New York has two dogs: Plop and Schmutzy. Both competed in this year’s Westminster Kennel³ Club dog show. The two animals are mixed-breed, meaning their genetic history includes many different kinds of dog. Topol recently had both dogs genetically⁴ tested. She told the Associated Press that the results “put some pieces of the puzzle together.”

The company Embark⁵ became Westminster’s first DNA-testing partner last fall. The move is likely to bring the company more attention, especially from people who raise dogs professionally.

Embark’s test results showed what Topol already believed: her high-energy dogs are more Australian cattle dog than anything else. But part of Schmutzy’s genetic information showed some unexpected things, including large amounts of Labrador retriever and Doberman pinscher.

Topol was surprised at first. But then she noted⁶ Schmutzy does walk like a Doberman and shares Labradors’ love of water.

Topol said the results “make me understand them better.”

The testing of dog DNA goes back over 20 years. In the past, it was mostly done to test for medical conditions and other purposes. But the industry grew quickly in 2005, after scientists mapped a full set of dog genes⁷ and published the results.

Wisdom Health launched a breed-identification test in 2007. The company added a health examination a few years later and says it has now tested over 1.1 million dogs worldwide.

The tests have led to greater research possibilities. They also have helped animal rescue groups; they can use DNA results to help possible owners know more about their dogs. DNA can also be used as proof that a dog’s family history only includes one breed, and help breeders end some common diseases.

The technology has even been used to identify dogs whose owners do not pick up their waste. It has helped in dog biting investigations⁸. It proved, for example, that a Belgian Malnois dog accused of killing⁹ a Pomeranian was innocent.

Some veterinarians – or doctors for animals – feel that DNA testing improves care. Ernie Ward¹⁰ is a veterinarian and television performer in North Carolina. He recommends that owners test all young dogs.

“I want to know as much about my patients as possible,” said Ward.

But not all animal experts agree with Ward. Last year, a Boston-based veterinarian and two scientists wrote comments that appeared in the science publication Nature.

“Pet genetics must be reined¹¹ in,” they wrote. Their comments started with a troubling story. The owner of a pug understood the results of her dog’s DNA test to mean that she had a rare brain disorder¹² that would only worsen over time. With that information, the owner decided¹³ to end the dog’s life.

Lisa Moses is the veterinarian who helped write the criticism in Nature. She argued that the pug’s illness could have been something more treatable.

“These (tests) should be used in a limited way until we get a lot more information,” Moses said.

One concern is that tests can show genetic conditions that are linked to disease in some breeds but have unknown effects in the breed being tested. This means the tests in themselves cannot necessarily tell pet owners how much they should worry. They also cannot tell professional dog breeders whether or not a dog should reproduce.

But test companies say their work offers many benefits and useful information, such as whether a dog’s genes suggest bad reactions to some medicines.

For Rennie Pasquinelli, the benefit is a new way of looking at her dog, Murray. The pet adoption¹⁴ agency told Pasquinelli that Murray was a mix between border collie and Boston terrier. But an Embark test last month identified only a small amount of border collie mixed with six other breeds. It found no Boston terrier at all.

“Obviously I don’t love him more, or less,” Pasquinelli said. “It’s like when you know something new about someone. That doesn’t negatively or positively¹⁵ change your opinion on them, but you still look at them in a different way.”

I’m Susan Shand.

And I’m Pete Musto.

Words in This Story

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) – n. a substance that carries genetic information in the cells of plants and animals

pet(s) – n. an animal, such as a dog, cat, bird, or fish, that people keep mainly for pleasure

breed – n. a particular kind of dog, cat, or horse

pieces of the puzzle together - idm. to make sense of something by analyzing¹⁶ multiple pieces of information and drawing a conclusion

reined in – p.v. to limit or control someone or something

benefit(s) – n. a good or helpful result or effect

adoption – n. the act or process of taking a pet or child of other parents legally as your own