英语听力精选进阶版 13595

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Earthquake science

Summary

5 April 2010

A team of scientists say they can explain why many more people died in the earthquake in Haiti compared to the much larger quake in Chile.

Report

The geophysicists, from the U.S. Geological Survey and from Harvard University, said that strict building regulations in Chile had undoubtedly¹ saved lives. The country has a long history of earthquakes and as a consequence has some of the toughest building codes in the world.

But Doctor Walter Mooney, who's studied dozens of earthquakes around the globe, said there were also other factors behind the relatively² low death toll³.

Walter Mooney:

"First and foremost, people are used to earthquakes in Chile and so they did know that they have to evacuate⁴ from dangerous structures Secondly⁵, this earthquake had a slow and gradual build-up. They had some 20 or 30 seconds to look at each other, realize that the ground shaking was crescendoing, and building up, and they made the right decision in almost all cases by getting out of the dangerous structures and running out into the open area. So, education, and a bit of luck is the answer to why so many people survived."

Doctor Mooney contrasted that with the Haitian quake, which split open the hard rock beneath the capital Port Au Prince within seconds. Buildings collapsed⁶ instantly, giving people no time to escape.

Despite the relatively low loss of life in Chile, Dr Mooney said the country must learn from this disaster, particularly with regards to building along the coast. Many of those who died were killed not by the quake, but by the tsunamis⁷ that followed it, which swept away coastal⁸ villages.

And the geophysicists said that even if Chile took precautions, it would remain highly vulnerable to earthquakes. They said that the north of the country was a particular worry. It hasn't suffered a big quake for around a hundred years and is probably due for one soon, they said.

Gideon Long, BBC, Chile