VOA常速英语2019--专家称没有理由担心人工智能将使工作减少

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Experts Say No Reason to Fear AI Will Cut Jobs

Thanks to artificial intelligence, cars are beginning to drive by themselves, machines can recognize people’s faces and people can ask for information and even talk to a smartphone system such as Apple’s Siri that uses a human voice.Just last week Siri tried to join into a conversation I was having about interest rates. Modern machines equipped with artificial intelligence or AI are no longer used only for automated¹ tasks in manufacturing,but also for more complex activities such as playing chess, creating military simulations.And they understand human speech. They have been used to create advanced prosthetics for people who have lost their limbs. More sophisticated machines are in the making, said Arthur Lupia of the National Science Foundation.Today’s exoskeletons help human beings, transport very large objects and navigate² impossible situations. But this project is about tomorrow’s exoskeletons.The device that you see here is not just an exoskeleton of the body, it’s an exoskeleton of the mind.Scientists say everyone can benefit from using AI. But the general public has questions, said congresswoman Hailey Stevens.

多亏了人工智能，汽车开始自动驾驶，机器可以识别人类面孔，人们可以寻找信息，甚至可以与使用人声的智能手机系统对话，比如像苹果的Siri。就在上周，Siri还试图加入我当时正在进行的关于利率的对话。配备有人工智能的现代机器不再仅用于制造业的自动化任务，还用于更复杂的活动，如下棋、创建军事模拟。它们能听懂人类讲话。它们被用来为失去四肢的人制造先进的假肢。美国国家科学基金会的亚瑟·卢平称，更精密的机器正在制作当中。今天的人形机甲人可以了帮助人类，它们运输非常大的物体，并在棘手的处境下应付困难复杂的情况。但这个项目是关于未来的人形机甲。你在这里看到的装置不仅仅是肢体上的人形机甲，它还是思想上的人形机甲。科学家表示每个人都能从使用人工智能中获益。但是国会女议员海莉·史蒂文斯说，普通民众有疑问。

As AI powered robots become more common, the question we ask is how do we ensure worker safety alongside these robots.Well, artificial intelligence be routinely used to monitor workers as some companies do today.For most workers the crucial question is will the intelligent machines take away our jobs.Experts say very few jobs will be fully³ automated by the new wave of technologies. While machine learning is now superhuman in many tasks that involved mapping a particular set of inputs⁴ into outputs, humans outperform machines in most other cognitive⁵ tasks.But jobs will undergo major transformations⁶, says science professor Erik Brynjolfsson. The challenge is to ensure that no worker is left behind in the process. Experts say well over a half of the children entering elementary school today we’ll end up working in the types of jobs that do not yet exist.They say it is important to reform education to focus on developing skills that machine’s cannot match, such as creativity and interpersonal skills.

随着人工智能机器变得越来越普遍，我们的问题是，我们与这些机器如何确保工人的安全与这些机器人。人工智能常规化地被用来监控员工，就像现在一些公司所做的那样。对大多数工人来说，关键问题是智能机器是否会抢走他们的工作。专家们称极少数的工作会被新技术完全自动化。虽然机器学习现在在许多涉及将一组特定输入映射到输出的任务中是人类能力所不能及的，但在大多数其他认知任务中，人类都做的比机器好。但是科学教授埃里克·布林约尔夫森说，工作将经历重大转变。挑战是要确保在这一过程中没有落下一个工人。专家表示，虽然今天有超过一半的孩子上小学，但我们最终将从事尚未存在的工作。他们说，重要的是改革教育，把重点放在发展机器无法匹敌的技能上，比如创造力和人际交往能力。