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VOA今日美国--“替代理论”在美国引发致命的种族主义冲突

时间：2022-05-24 01:14:54

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A gunman killed 10 people at a food store in Buffalo1, New York, over the weekend.

Law enforcement officials said the gunman, 18-year-old Payton Gendron, drove over 300 kilometers from his home to Tops Friendly Market. They said that Gendron, a white man, searched for and targeted the largely Black neighborhood.

Gendron shot 13 people. All but three of them died. Eleven of the shooting victims were Black and two were white.

Officials say they are studying a 180-page document published online believed to be written by Gendron. The document describes plans for the Saturday attack in Buffalo. It also makes note of other racist2 shootings, including the 2015 attack at a Black church in South Carolina and the killings4 at two Muslim religious centers in New Zealand in 2019.

The document describes a racist ideology5 that believes the United States belongs fully6 to white Christians7. People of all other races and religions, the document says, are "replacers" who should be removed by force or terror.

The ideas come from what is known as "The Great Replacement8 Theory."

What is ‘The Great Replacement Theory'?

People who follow the theory believe that there is a plot to reduce the influence of white people in the United States and other Western countries. Believers say the plan will be achieved through immigration of non-white people into the U.S. and the higher birthrate among minority groups.

Some followers9 believe Jewish people are behind the so-called replacement plot. When white supremacists marched in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2017, they shouted "you will not replace us" and "Jews will not replace us."

Who are the believers?

Mark Pitcavage is senior researcher at the Anti-Defamation League Center on Extremism. He said the more extreme believers look up to white supremacist mass killers10 like the shooters who carried the attacks in South Carolina and New Zealand. They believe small societal changes will not do much, so the only solution is tearing down society – in this case, killing3.

The Buffalo shooter's alleged11 writings and some of his methods appeared to follow the New Zealand shooter. Gendron livestreamed the attack, just like the shooter who attacked mosques12 in New Zealand. Gendron marked the number 14 on his gun. Pitcavage said 14 is shorthand for a 14-word white supremacist slogan.

The New Zealand shooter posted a widely read document online. If the 180-page document from the Buffalo shooter is real, it seems he wanted to spread his beliefs and methods to a larger audience.

In a public opinion study released last week, The Associated Press and the NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found that about 1 in 3 Americans believes an effort is underway to replace U.S.-born Americans with immigrants for electoral gain.

The same number of people also express concern that an increase in immigration is leading to native-born Americans losing economic, political, and cultural influence. Both concerns are arguments behind the Great Replacement Theory.

‘It's not right'

The idea that those killed at the Tops Friendly Market lost their lives because of the shooter's racism13 is "sick," said 29-year-old Steve Carlson. He is Black and grew up knowing one of the shooting victims.

"It's not right. You don't pick what ethnicity you're born into," Carlson said. "These people were just shopping, they went to go get food for their families."

At Buffalo's State Tabernacle Church of God in Christ, Pastor14 Russell Bell said he could not believe what had happened over the weekend.

"I don't understand what that is, to hate people just because of their color, to hate people because we're different. God made us all different. That's what makes the world go 'round," he said.

Words in This Story

racist - n. person who believes that some races are better than others

ideology - n. a set of ideas and beliefs of a group

replacer - n. a person who is put in place of another

alleged - adj. said to have happened but not yet proven

slogan - n. a word or phrase that is used by a group to attract attention


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 buffalo 1Sby4     
n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛
参考例句：
  • Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
  • The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。
2 racist GSRxZ     
n.种族主义者，种族主义分子
参考例句：
  • a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
  • His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。
3 killing kpBziQ     
n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财
参考例句：
  • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
4 killings 76d97e8407f821a6e56296c4c9a9388c     
谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发
参考例句：
  • His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
  • The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
5 ideology Scfzg     
n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识
参考例句：
  • The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
  • The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。
6 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地
参考例句：
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
7 Christians 28e6e30f94480962cc721493f76ca6c6     
n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
  • His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。
8 replacement UVxxM     
n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品
参考例句：
  • We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
  • They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。
9 followers 5c342ee9ce1bf07932a1f66af2be7652     
追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件
参考例句：
  • the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
  • The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。
10 killers c1a8ff788475e2c3424ec8d3f91dd856     
凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事
参考例句：
  • He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
  • They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。
11 alleged gzaz3i     
a.被指控的，嫌疑的
参考例句：
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为
12 mosques 5bbcef619041769ff61b4ff91237b6a0     
清真寺； 伊斯兰教寺院，清真寺； 清真寺，伊斯兰教寺院( mosque的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Why make us believe that this tunnel runs underneath the mosques? 为什么要让我们相信这条隧洞是在清真寺下？
  • The city's three biggest mosques, long fallen into disrepair, have been renovated. 城里最大的三座清真寺，过去年久失修，现在已经修复。
13 racism pSIxZ     
n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)
参考例句：
  • He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
  • Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。
14 pastor h3Ozz     
n.牧师，牧人
参考例句：
  • He was the son of a poor pastor.他是一个穷牧师的儿子。
  • We have no pastor at present:the church is run by five deacons.我们目前没有牧师：教会的事是由五位执事管理的。

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