There is a reshuffling underway at the Federal Reserve

（单词翻译）

There is a reshuffling underway at the Federal Reserve

Transcript¹

NPR's Rachel Martin talks to David Wessel of the Brookings Institution about President Biden expected to announce soon his choices to fill the three openings on the Fed Reserve Board.

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

There is a reshuffling underway at the top of the Federal Reserve. The U.S. central banking² system faces big questions about how to steer³ the economy through a burst of inflation and the persistent⁴ disruptions to labor⁵ markets and supply chains caused by the pandemic. President Biden has three slots to fill on the seven-member Fed board in Washington. And two of the 12 regional Fed banks are looking for new presidents.

For more, we turn, as we often do, to David Wessel. He is director of the Hutchins Center at the Brookings Institution.

Good morning, David.

DAVID WESSEL, BYLINE⁶: Good morning, Rachel.

MARTIN: Who is President Biden thinking about for those three board vacancies⁷?

WESSEL: Well, we've been expecting the White House to announce the nominees⁸ any day now since the beginning of December. The betting is that the president's going to pick Sarah Bloom Raskin to be vice⁹ chair for bank supervision¹⁰. She's a lawyer, former Fed governor, deputy treasury¹¹ secretary and is sure to be much tougher on the banks than her predecessor¹², a Trump¹³ appointee, Randy Quarles. And that's a priority both for the White House and many congressional Democrats¹⁴.

For the other two spots, well-sourced reporters say the White House is looking at two academics - Lisa Cook of Michigan State and Phil Jefferson, who's now dean of faculty¹⁵ at Davidson College. Both of them are Black. So if these three are nominated, and confirmed by the Senate, of course, the Fed board will for the first time have more women than men and more than one Black governor.

MARTIN: So thinking about inflation, what difference do these changes mean - these personnel changes mean - for the interest rates that the Fed sets?

WESSEL: Actually, not much - new governors tend to follow the lead of the chair. And, of course, President Biden has renominated Jay Powell for a second term. His confirmation¹⁶ hearing at the Senate is tomorrow. And by the time these three are seated, the Fed probably will have set its tentative course for 2022.

Now, you know, the Fed has been surprised by the persistence¹⁷ of price increases and by the reluctance¹⁸ of millions of people to return to the workforce¹⁹. So financial markets have shifted quite a bit. And they now anticipate the Fed will lift rates from zero, where they've been since the pandemic began in March, and will lift them two or three times more during 2022. I think one task the Biden appointees might face is explaining to progressives in the public just why the Fed is raising interest rates - taking its foot off the monetary²⁰ accelerator, if you will - even though so many people will still probably be hurting from the pandemic in 2022.

MARTIN: So, David, what drove the Fed to speed up its timetable for raising interest rates? And does it risk triggering a recession if it goes too far?

WESSEL: Well, inflation is running well above the Fed's 2% target - 5.7% in the past year, by its favored measure. And even though inflation is likely to abate²¹ as kinks in the supply chain are worked out, Fed officials worry that too long a period with scary headlines about inflation could really lead people to expect higher inflation going forward, and that could become a self-fulfilling prophecy. At the same time, the Fed thinks that with unemployment down to 3.9% and so many unfilled job openings, we're very close to what they call maximum employment.

But I think there are a couple of risks here. One is they wait too long. We get too much inflation. They have to really jack²² up interest rates. That could cause a recession. But the other is that they are too mesmerized²³ by today's inflation readings. They tighten²⁴ monetary policy just as the economy slows - less federal spending coming into the economy. And that too could trigger an unwelcome recession. So it's a very delicate balancing act they face right now.

MARTIN: David Wessel, we always appreciate when you come on. We appreciate you - director of the Hutchins Center on Fiscal²⁵ and Monetary Policy at the Brookings Institution. Thanks.

WESSEL: You're welcome.

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