美国国家公共电台 NPR--Nurses are waiting months for licenses as hospital staffing shortages spread

（单词翻译）

Nurses are waiting months for licenses² as hospital staffing shortages spread

Transcript³

Three hours spent on hold. That's how long Courtney Gramm waited one day, all so that she might get her license¹ from the state of California to work as a nurse.

That morning was just a snapshot from a long ordeal⁴. "Panicked, anxious, frustrated⁵, mad even," Gramm describes how she felt as she called over and over. "I just couldn't get any information out of them."

Gramm waited seven months for her nurse practitioner⁶ license at a time when COVID-19 cases were skyrocketing across the U.S. and hospitals were desperate to keep nurses on staff.

Her story is a familiar one for nurses throughout the country. Nursing boards, meant as a safeguard, have become an obstacle, preventing qualified⁷ nurses from getting into the workforce⁸ for months when basic vetting⁹ should take only weeks.

An NPR examination of license applications found that nurses fresh out of school and those moving to new states often get tangled¹⁰ in bureaucratic¹¹ red tape for months, waiting for state approval to treat patients.

Almost 1 in 10 nurses who were issued new licenses last year waited six months or longer, according to an analysis of licensing¹² records from 32 states. More than a third of these 226,000 registered nurses and licensed¹³ practical nurses waited at least three months.

Some states with lots of nurses are particularly slow: California, Pennsylvania, Texas, Ohio and others stretched average processing times for certain types of licenses to almost four months.

Wait times in some states underestimate the problem. NPR's investigation¹⁴ found that states often start the clock on processing times only after an application is marked complete. But nurses NPR spoke¹⁵ with described scenarios¹⁶ where they spent weeks or longer arguing that their applications were in fact complete. Many state boards don't count that lost time when measuring how long it takes to process an application.

Several large states have refused to join an interstate agreement that allows nurses to use licenses across state lines — sort of like a driver's license lets you drive across borders. One reason is that nursing boards make most of their money, sometimes tens of millions of dollars, from licensing fees.

"Huge bottlenecks¹⁷" is the phrase Morris Kleiner, a licensing expert who researches labor¹⁸ economics at the University of Minnesota, used to describe NPR's findings.

"Patients will have much less access and will have to wait longer when they are asking for the services of nurses. And this is especially true during a pandemic," Kleiner adds, concluding that delays could lead to sicker patients or even death.