VOA时事新闻2023 苏丹为何爆发冲突?

（单词翻译）

Over the weekend, fighting broke out between the armies of Sudan's two most powerful generals.

上周末，苏丹两位最有权势的将军所领导的军队之间爆发了战斗。

Tensions had been rising for weeks between the armed forces chief, General Abdel-Fattah Burhan, and the head of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary group, General Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo.

几周来，武装部队总司令阿卜杜勒-法塔赫·布尔汉将军与准军事组织快速支援部队领导人穆罕默德·哈姆丹·达加洛将军之间的紧张关系一直在加剧。

Just 18 months earlier they worked together to overthrow¹ the government as Sudan moved toward democracy.

就在18个月前，他们共同推翻了苏丹政府，使苏丹走向民主。

Both men each have tens of thousands of troops just in the capital of Khartoum.

双方在首都喀土穆各有数万军队。

They have repeatedly said they will not negotiate nor stop fighting, even with rising international pressure.

他们一再表示，即使面临越来越大的国际压力，他们也不会谈判，也不会停止战斗。

Here is a look at how Sudan, a country with 46 million people and a long history of military overthrows², reached this point.

我们来看看苏丹，这个拥有4600万人口和长期军事政变历史的国家，是如何走到这一步的。

In recent months, negotiations³ had been under way to restart the change to a democratic political system.

近几个月来，为重启向民主政治制度转变的谈判一直在进行。

The process had been suspended since October 2021, when the government was overthrown⁴.

自2021年10月苏丹政府被推翻以来，这一进程一直处于暂停状态。

Under rising international pressure, the armed forces and the RSF signed a deal in December with pro-democracy and civilian⁵ groups.

在越来越大的国际压力下，武装部队和快速支援部队在去年12月与亲民主和平民组织签署了一项协议。

But the agreement left many important political issues unsettled.

但该协议留下了许多重要的政治问题悬而未决。

Tensions between Burhan and Dagalo worsened during long negotiations to reach a final agreement.

在为达成最终协议而进行的漫长谈判中，布尔汉和达加洛之间的紧张关系进一步恶化。

A main dispute is over how the RSF would be mixed into the military and who would have control over fighters and weapons.

一个主要的争议是快速支援部队将如何融入武装部队，以及谁将控制战士和武器。

Dagalo's RSF took strong action against tribal⁶ unrest and pro-democracy activists⁷.

达加洛的快速支援部队为打击部落动乱和亲民主活动人士采取了强硬行动。

But he claimed he was a supporter of the democratic transition.

但他声称自己是民主过渡的支持者。

In March, he criticized Burhan, saying military leaders were unwilling⁸ to hand over power.

今年3月，他批评了布尔汉，称武装部队领导人不愿移交权力。

Experts argued that Dagalo is trying to cover up the reputation of his paramilitary force.

专家认为，达加洛试图掩盖他的准军事部队的名声。

It had been accused of war crimes during the Darfur conflict.

准军事部队曾被指控在达尔富尔冲突期间犯有战争罪。

On Wednesday, the RSF began sending forces around the small town of Merowe, north of the capital.

周三，快速支援部队开始向首都北部的小镇麦罗维附近派遣部队。

The town is important, with its large airport, central position and dam on the Nile River.

这个小镇很重要，因为它拥有大型机场、中心位置和尼罗河上的大坝。

The next day, the RSF also sent more forces into the capital and other areas of the country.

第二天，快速支援部队还向首都和该国其他地区派遣了更多部队。

On Saturday morning, fighting began at a military base south of Khartoum.

周六上午，喀土穆南部的一个军事基地爆发了战争。

Each side blamed the other for having started the violence.

双方都指责对方挑起了暴力冲突。

Since then, the military and the RSF have battled each other with heavy weapons in highly populated areas of the capital and the nearby city of Omdurman.

从那时起，武装部队和快速支援部队一直在首都和附近城市恩图曼的人口密集地区用重型武器交战。

By Monday, people have been killed and hundreds wounded in the fighting.

截至周一，已有多人在战斗中丧生，数百人受伤。

An immediate⁹ ceasefire appears unlikely.

立即停火似乎不太可能。

Burhan and Dagalo have demanded that the other surrender.

布尔汉和达加洛要求对方投降。

The fierce fighting also might make it harder for the two generals to return to negotiations.

激烈的战斗也可能使两位将军更难重返谈判。

However, the military and the RSF both have foreign supporters, who all called for an immediate end to the fighting.

然而，武装部队和快速支援部队都有外国支持者，他们都呼吁立即停止战斗。

The U.N. Security Council is scheduled to discuss Sudan on Monday.

联合国安理会定于星期一讨论苏丹问题。

During the decades-long rule of dictator Omar al-Bashir, who was removed in 2019, Russia was a strong influence.

在独裁者奥马尔·巴希尔长达数十年的统治期间，俄罗斯有着强大的影响力。巴希尔于2019年被赶下台。

At one point, Moscow reached an initial deal to build a naval¹⁰ base on Sudan's Red Sea cost.

莫斯科曾一度达成初步协议，在苏丹的红海沿岸建立一个海军基地。

After al-Bashir's removal, the United States and European nations began competing with Russia for influence in Sudan.

巴希尔下台后，美国和欧洲国家开始与俄罗斯争夺在苏丹的影响力。

The country is rich in natural resources, including gold.

这个国家拥有丰富的自然资源，包括黄金。

Burhan and Dagalo have also made close ties with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.

布尔汉和达加洛还与沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋建立了密切关系。

Sudanese troops from the military and the RSF have fought alongside the Saudi-led alliance in Yemen's civil war.

来自武装部队和快速支援部队的苏丹军队在也门内战中曾与沙特领导的联盟并肩作战。

Egypt also has deep ties with the Sudanese military.

埃及也与苏丹军方有着深厚的联系。

The two armies conduct regular war exercises, most recently this month.

两国军队定期举行军事演习，最近一次是在本月。

The military controls most of the country's economy.

武装部队控制着该国的大部分经济。

But the RSF runs major gold mining areas, an important source of money for the group.

但快速支援部队管理着主要的金矿区，这是该组织的一个重要资金来源。