VOA日常语法2023--Grammar and Halloween

（单词翻译）

Grammar and Halloween

An interesting holiday in the United States is coming up soon. Halloween happens on the last day of October. If you have lived in the U.S., you have probably noticed many changes in the month or so before Halloween. Let's hear about some of them and explore the vocabulary and expressions you might hear this time of year.

‘Trick-or-treat'

First, you should know about trick-or-treating. Children dress up in special clothes, or costumes, to look like frightening creatures. They might dress up as little vampires², ghosts and witches or superheroes. Then their parents walk with them to the homes of neighbors, where the children knock at the door and call out, "Trick or treat!"

Some people believe the custom goes back to an old Celtic celebration in which people went from door to door asking for firewood. The Celts believed that the spirits of the dead would return to their homes on October 31, the day of the autumn feast³. The Celts would build large fires to frighten away evil⁴ spirits on that night.

In modern-day Halloween, the children ask for candy. That's the "treat" part. The "trick" part is what happens if you do not give them something.

Before Halloween, communities might create a "haunted⁵ house" in an old house or an open field. Visitors can walk through the place and be frightened and surprised by unusual noises and people dressed up like ghosts or spirits.

Fear plays a big part in Halloween celebrations. The words we use to talk about fear include "scary," an adjective⁶ to show something causes fear and "afraid" an adjective that describes the person who feels fear. We might say, "I'm scared of ghosts," to say we are afraid of ghosts.

Another word we use to describe things that cause fear is "spooky." Little people trying to look like ghosts might say, "Boo!" to frighten others. Let's put some of these expressions together to see how they work.

Greg has a really scary costume this year. He said "Boo!" to me and I jumped!

Caty's house looks really spooky with all those skeletons⁷ and spider webs that she put out in her yard.

I'm not afraid of ghosts but seeing people dressed up as witches scares me!

You will see that stores begin offering many kinds of candies in small packages. We call these "individually wrapped" treats. They are meant for handing out to children as part of trick-or-treating. Some candy makers⁸ call these small packages "fun-sized" treats.

Halloween decorations

People put some strange things on and around their homes for Halloween. People hang toy spiders, skeletons and other scary decorations on trees and bushes. You will see pumpkins¹⁰ everywhere. People often empty the pumpkins and make scary faces on them. Then they place a candle inside so the pumpkin⁹ face shines in the night. We call these "jack¹¹-o-lanterns."

The custom of carving¹² scary faces into vegetables is believed to come to us from the Irish. They had an old story about a wandering soul named Stingy Jack. They carved faces in turnips¹³ to frighten him away. When they came to America, they found the pumpkin was widely available. So, they carved faces into pumpkins, and made what we call the jack-o-lantern today. Now, children carry plastic buckets made to look like a carved pumpkin. They fill them with candy as they trick-or-treat around their neighborhood.

We close with a usual conversation around Halloween in the U.S. See how many traditions and customs you can spot.

A: Are you going to any Halloween parties this year?

B: No, I have to take my kids trick-or-treating. Then I'm too tired to dress up and go out to a party. Are you going?

A: Yes, I'm going to be a vampire¹ this year. My block has a great party with a haunted house every year.

B: Oh, I wish I could go. Hey, will you help me carve these pumpkins? I want to put them out front.

B: Sure, I love carving jack-o-lanterns. Can I have some of that candy while I'm working?

A: Of course. Help yourself to those fun-sized Hershey bars. I only have a hundred of them.

Does your culture have any celebrations where you dress up or give out treats? Write to us in the comments to tell us about them!

And that's Everyday Grammar for Halloween. Boo!

Words in This Story

dress up – v. to wear a special kind of clothing for a festival or event

vampire – n. a dead person who leaves the grave¹⁴ at night to bite and suck the blood of living people

ghost – n. the soul of a dead person thought of as living in an unseen world or as appearing to living people

witch – n. a woman who is thought to have magic powers

candy – n. a sweet food made with sugar or chocolate