VOA科学技术2023 研究称2022年森林砍伐量增长

（单词翻译）

Study: Deforestation Increased in 2022 Despite Promised Reduction

研究称2022年森林砍伐量增长

A non-profit environmental group says the amount of tropical forest lost around the world in 2022 was equal to an area the size of Switzerland.

一家非营利环保组织表示，2022年全球失去的热带森林总量相当于瑞士的面积。

Global Forest Watch is an effort supported by the nonprofit World Resources Institute (WRI), which is based in Washington, D.C. WRI recently released its latest data.

“全球森林观察”是由总部位于华盛顿特区的非营利组织“世界资源研究所”支持的一项工作。“世界资源研究所”最近发布了其最新数据。

The group found that about 41,000 square kilometers of tropical forest was lost in 2022. The effort used forest data collected by the University of Maryland.

该组织发现，2022年约有41000万平方公里的热带森林消失。这项工作采用了马里兰大学收集的森林数据。

The report considered forest loss caused by mechanical clearing for agriculture and woodcutting, and natural causes such as fire, wind and the movements of rivers.

该报告考虑了毁林造地和伐木，以及火灾、风和河流流动等自然原因所造成的森林损失。

The report said more than 40 percent of the deforestation took place in Brazil. The year 2022 was the final year of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro's four-year term in office.

报告称，40%以上的森林砍伐发生在巴西。2022年是巴西前总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗四年任期的最后一年。

Last year, losses of Brazilian tropical forest, not including forest fires, reached their recent high point since 2005. Current Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has promised to end deforestation in the Amazon. He also was president from 2003 to 2011.

去年，巴西热带森林的损失（不包括森林火灾）达到了2005年以来的最高点。巴西现任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦承诺结束亚马逊地区的森林砍伐。他还在2003年至2011年期间担任过总统。

The University of Maryland data shows that, if fire is included, about 28,000 square kilometers of Brazilian tropical forest were lost in 2016—the most in the last 20 years.

马里兰大学的数据显示，如果算上火灾，2016年巴西热带森林损失约28000平方公里，是过去20年中损失最多的一年。

In November 2021, world leaders at a United Nations environmental conference in Glasgow, Scotland, pledged to stop deforestation by 2030. But tropical forest loss in 2022 was higher than 2021 levels.

2021年11月，世界各国领导人在苏格兰格拉斯哥举行的联合国环境会议上承诺到2030年停止砍伐森林。但2022年热带森林的损失高于2021年的水平。

"2022 numbers are particularly disheartening," said Francis Seymour, a WRI official. "We had hoped by now to see a signal in the data that we were turning the corner on forest loss."

世界资源研究所官员弗朗西斯·西摩表示：“2022年的数字尤其令人沮丧。我们曾希望在数据中看到森林损失局面正在扭转的信号。”

Global Forest Watch measured what it called primary forests. That includes mature forests that have not been cleared or regrown recently.

“全球森林观察”测量了所谓的原始森林。这包括最近没有被砍伐或再生的成熟森林。

The group says such forests protect against climate change because they absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide. Last year's losses in the tropics released 2.7 gigatons of carbon dioxide. That is equal to India's yearly carbon emissions¹, the report said.

该组织表示，这样的森林可以抵御气候变化，因为它们吸收了大量的二氧化碳。去年热带森林的损失释放了27亿吨二氧化碳。报告称，这相当于印度每年的碳排放量。

Indonesia and Malaysia were able to keep the rate of their forest losses near record lows. The two nations have continued for several years to limit deforestation caused by the palm oil industry.

印度尼西亚和马来西亚的森林损失率保持在历史最低水平附近。这两个国家几年来一直在限制棕榈油行业造成的森林砍伐。

Strict Indonesian policies, like suspending new forestry² licenses³ helped bring about the change.

印尼严格的政策，比如暂停发放新的林业许可证，促成了这一变化。

Other forest-rich nations have struggled to keep up with Asia's progress. The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Bolivia had the greatest losses of tropical forest after Brazil.

其他森林资源丰富的国家一直在努力跟上亚洲的进步。刚果民主共和国和玻利维亚的热带森林损失仅次于巴西。

Reuters reports that some experts blame commodity agriculture for deforestation in Bolivia. Bolivia did not promise to reduce deforestation during the 2021 U.N. conference in Scotland. The experts say Bolivia's government supports agricultural business expansion.

路透社报道，一些专家将玻利维亚的森林砍伐归咎于商品农业。玻利维亚在2021年联合国苏格兰会议上没有承诺减少森林砍伐。专家们表示，玻利维亚政府支持扩大农业业务。

The Global Forest Watch effort found deforestation in 2022 was more than 10,000 square kilometers greater than the reductions required to prevent the loss of any forests by 2030.

“全球森林观察”工作发现，2022年的森林砍伐量比到2030年防止森林损失所需的减少量多出1万多平方公里。

Rod Taylor is WRI's world forests program director. He said deforestation around the world is "trending in the wrong direction."

罗德·泰勒是世界资源研究所的世界森林项目主任。他说，世界各地的森林砍伐“正朝着错误的方向发展”。

The University of Maryland data showed that the world lost 10 percent less northern forest in 2022 than 2021. That was because fewer big fires burned in Russian forests. But Russia still lost 43,000 square kilometers of tree cover last year. That is more than the total tropical forest loss around the world.

马里兰大学的数据显示，2022年世界北部森林的损失比2021年减少了10%。这是因为俄罗斯森林中较少发生大火。但俄罗斯去年仍失去了4.3万平方公里的树木覆盖面积。这比全世界热带森林的总损失还要多。