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VOA科学技术2024--New California Laws Aim to Prevent AI Harm during Elections

时间：2025-01-02 01:22:29

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California recently enacted1 three legislative2 measures that ban the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to create false images and videos during election campaigns.

The laws - which are among the strongest in the U.S. - aim to reduce the use of AI to produce fake materials that could mislead voters during elections. California Governor Gavin Newsom signed the bills into law last week.

One of the main goals of the California measures is to fight the use of so-called deepfakes. A deepfake is a piece of video or audio created to make it appear that people in it are saying or doing things that they never said. Deepfakes have already been used in political campaigns around the world.

One of the laws requires large online publishers to either remove or identify content that has been digitally created or changed in an effort to mislead voters during specific election periods.

Another requires any election advertisements that have been created or changed using AI methods to include a message informing the public that the material has been changed.

The third bill bans the publishing of certain kinds of misleading information about campaign activities within 120 days of an election.

All the California measures permit state law enforcement officials to take different forms of action against violators of the laws.

In a statement issued after he signed the bills, Newsom said the measures were aimed at "safeguarding the integrity of elections." He added, "It's critical that we ensure AI is not deployed3 to undermine the public's trust through disinformation - especially in today's fraught4 political climate."

State lawmakers in several other U.S. states have passed similar measures in recent years to prevent deepfakes and misinformation during election campaigns. But critics argue that the laws are difficult to enforce and face numerous legal actions aimed at overturning them.

The Associated Press (AP) reports two of the new California measures immediately faced legal action seeking to block the legislation. One of the lawsuits6 argues that one of the measures censors8 expressions of free speech and permits anyone to take legal action against material they do not agree with.

That lawsuit5 was brought by an individual who created parody9 videos that received public attention online. This included changed audio of Vice10 President and Democratic presidential nominee11 Kamala Harris. At least one of the creator's videos was shared by Elon Musk12, who owns the social media service X.

The governor's office told the AP the law does not ban satire13 and parody content. Instead, it requires material changed through AI methods to be clearly identified in videos, audio or images. A spokesman for Newsom, Izzy Gardon, said in a statement, "It's unclear why this conservative activist14 is suing California." Gardon added that California's measure is nearly the same as laws passed in other states.

But critics - such as free speech activists15 and Musk - have called the new laws unconstitutional. They have argued they violate the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment16, which protects speech and other personal freedoms.

Ilana Beller is with Public Citizen, a nonprofit group that seeks to protect individual rights. She told the AP she does not know how effective such laws will be in stopping election deepfakes. Beller noted17 her group closely follows U.S. measures related to deepfakes and none of them have yet been tested in court.

Some technology experts warn that the laws' effectiveness could be limited by the slow process of court actions. Misleading content, including deepfakes, might not be removed before harm has been done, the experts say. Even if it only takes a court a few days to act against such material, candidates and the election process may have already been hurt, Beller said.

Words in This Story

fake - adj. false or not real

integrity - n. the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that you refuse to change

undermine - v. to make someone less confident of make something weaker

fraught - adj. full of danger or difficulties

censor7 - v. to examine books, documents or films in an attempt to remove part that are offensive or not permitted by rules

parody - n. a kind of content that copies someone's else's style in a funny way

satire - n. the use of jokes and humor to criticize people or ideas


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点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 enacted b0a10ad8fca50ba4217bccb35bc0f2a1     
制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
  • Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
2 legislative K9hzG     
n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的
参考例句：
  • Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
  • Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。
3 deployed 4ceaf19fb3d0a70e329fcd3777bb05ea     
（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用
参考例句：
  • Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
  • The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。
4 fraught gfpzp     
adj.充满…的，伴有(危险等)的；忧虑的
参考例句：
  • The coming months will be fraught with fateful decisions.未来数月将充满重大的决定。
  • There's no need to look so fraught!用不着那么愁眉苦脸的！
5 lawsuit A14xy     
n.诉讼，控诉
参考例句：
  • They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
  • He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。
6 lawsuits 1878e62a5ca1482cc4ae9e93dcf74d69     
n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Lawsuits involving property rights and farming and grazing rights increased markedly. 涉及财产权，耕作与放牧权的诉讼案件显著地增加。 来自辞典例句
  • I've lost and won more lawsuits than any man in England. 全英国的人算我官司打得最多，赢的也多，输的也多。 来自辞典例句
7 censor GrDz7     
n./vt.审查，审查员；删改
参考例句：
  • The film has not been viewed by the censor.这部影片还未经审查人员审查。
  • The play was banned by the censor.该剧本被查禁了。
8 censors 0b6e14d26afecc4ac86c847a7c99de15     
删剪（书籍、电影等中被认为犯忌、违反道德或政治上危险的内容）( censor的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • The censors eviscerated the book to make it inoffensive to the President. 审查员删去了该书的精华以取悦于总统。
  • The censors let out not a word. 检察官一字也不发。
9 parody N46zV     
n.打油诗文，诙谐的改编诗文，拙劣的模仿；v.拙劣模仿，作模仿诗文
参考例句：
  • The parody was just a form of teasing.那个拙劣的模仿只是一种揶揄。
  • North Korea looks like a grotesque parody of Mao's centrally controlled China,precisely the sort of system that Beijing has left behind.朝鲜看上去像是毛时代中央集权的中国的怪诞模仿，其体制恰恰是北京方面已经抛弃的。
10 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的
参考例句：
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
11 nominee FHLxv     
n.被提名者；被任命者；被推荐者
参考例句：
  • His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
  • Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。
12 musk v6pzO     
n.麝香, 能发出麝香的各种各样的植物，香猫
参考例句：
  • Musk is used for perfume and stimulant.麝香可以用作香料和兴奋剂。
  • She scented her clothes with musk.她用麝香使衣服充满了香味。
13 satire BCtzM     
n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品
参考例句：
  • The movie is a clever satire on the advertising industry.那部影片是关于广告业的一部巧妙的讽刺作品。
  • Satire is often a form of protest against injustice.讽刺往往是一种对不公正的抗议形式。
14 activist gyAzO     
n.活动分子，积极分子
参考例句：
  • He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
  • He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。
15 activists 90fd83cc3f53a40df93866d9c91bcca4     
n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
  • Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》
16 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正，修正，改善，修正案
参考例句：
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
17 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的，知名的
参考例句：
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

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