VOA标准英语2008年-Communications Break Down in Kashmir

（单词翻译）

Indian paramilitary soldiers carry a signboard to use it as a barricade2 during a curfew in Srinagar, 24 Aug 2008

Communications are becoming increasingly limited for the people of the disputed region of Indian Kashmir. Economic blockades and curfews have restricted movements of goods and people. More newspapers there shut down Monday, as staff could not reach their offices and publications are unable to circulate in the Kashmir Valley.

Unlicensed local cable television channels have been ordered to stop news broadcasts. They are accused of inflaming³ the public.

Text messaging on mobile phones has not worked since the beginning of the month.

India's Supreme⁴ Court has upheld a state ban on cell phone short messaging services, because they were allegedly being used to aggravate⁵ violence by spreading rumors⁶ about the ongoing⁷ protests.

But countering the rumors through local media is proving difficult.

The executive editor of the Kashmir Times in Jammu, Anuradha Bhasin Jamwal, says an economic blockade on the highway linking Jammu and Srinagar has taken its toll⁸ on the region's newspaper industry.

"It's more than a month that half a dozen newspapers have not hit the newsstands," he said. "A few bigger newspapers who could manage to get some materials are just surviving. They have cut down the pages. They have cut down the circulation. It's becoming extremely difficult to circulate the newspapers in the current situation in Kashmir Valley."
　

Indian paramilitary soldiers stand guard near barbed wires and tin wall set up as a barricade during curfew in Srinagar, 25 Aug 2008

For reporters who still have a viable⁹ outlet¹⁰, getting the story is increasingly risky¹¹. Some of the journalists covering Sunday's protests in Srinagar were beaten by police, even though they were carrying passes allowing them to be on the streets during the curfew.

Sunday, authorities banned local unlicensed cable television channels from broadcasting news and public affairs programming. India's Jammu and Kashmir State government says the broadcasts reflect the views of extremists and inflame¹² tensions between Muslims and Hindus.

Broadcast journalism¹³ professor S.R. Chari of the Indian Institute of Mass Communications says that was a correct regulatory decision.

"The government had given the freedom for them to go on, even without having been licensed," he said. "But, at this juncture¹⁴, they now feel those people could be restricted, which I think is fair enough for the government to say that since 'you are not registered' they are restricting those people."

Authorities in Srinagar in April ordered cable operators to stop relaying four popular TV channels from Pakistan.

There could be negative ramifications¹⁵ from the increasing communications restrictions¹⁶, according to Shahid Rasool, head of the Media Education Research Center at Kashmir University.

"That is going to create more problems in terms of the rumors that get spread," he said. "And, rumors travel very fast from mouth to mouth, one village [to] another village. That can really create difficulty for administration."

The professor says that has Kashmiris increasingly compelled to seek outside information sources in Hindi, Urdu and English.

"People will rely more on Pakistan radio and BBC and Voice of America," Rasool said. "In fact, myself, yesterday heard Voice of America's Urdu service to get what's happening in Kashmir."

The U.S. Broadcasting Board of Governors has announced that VOA's Hindi language radio one-hour daily broadcast will cease at the end of next month.
　

A protester shouts slogans against Jammu and Kashmir state leaders during a protest in Jammu, 25 Aug 2008

The Kashmir Valley has been the scene of large demonstrations over the past two weeks, rekindling¹⁷ long-festering calls for independence from India. Mass demonstrations began after the state government announced in July it would donate some land for rest facilities for Hindu pilgrims to the valley. The decision was rescinded¹⁸ following large protests from Muslims. The reversal inflamed¹⁹ Hindu activists²⁰.

Claims over predominately Muslim Kashmir have led to three major wars between India and Pakistan, since the subcontinent was partitioned in 1947, when British colonial rule ended.