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　　　　　　　　　　　 How to keep that cold at bay?

　　It's winter and as you have probably noticed, germs are everywhere - runny noses, sore throats, nothing quite like the common cold to make you feel miserable.

　　But experts believe that there is no link between cold weather and catching colds. So why are we particularly vulnerable this season?

　　Internal Medicine expert, Dr Meenakshi Jain of Max Hospital says, "One reason could be because people are likely to stay indoors, so the virus can spread easily. Also the virus thrives in humidity."

　　The common cold is a viral infection that can be caused by any of up to 250 strains of virus, the most common group of which are the rhinoviruses that hit the nose.

　　They are responsible for anywhere between a third and half of all common colds.

　　"They are transmitted through the nose and respiratory passages, by touch, and by contact with airborne particles that are created by sneezing or coughing," says Dr Jain.

　　There is no cure for the common cold and antibiotics are of no help. However, there are some precautions which can help:

　　Wash your hands regularly, so that germs get killed.

　　Don't touch your eyes, nose and mouth, which can limit your chances of infection.

　　Don't share drinking glasses or utensils with anyone as this will prevent the spread of the virus.

　　Drink lots of fluids to avoid dehydration.

　　Make sure to eat enough fruits to boost your immune system.

　　Get enough sleep and you'll certainly become stronger.

　　你可能已经注意到：冬季一到，病菌无孔不入、无处不在--流鼻涕、嗓子疼……没有什么比普通感冒更让人难受。

　　但专家们认为，寒冷的天气并不是导致感冒的原因。那为什么冬季我们更容易生病呢？

　　麦克斯医院的内科专家米纳克什?杰恩博士说："其中一个原因可能是，冬季人们多在室内活动，因此病毒容易传播。而且病毒在潮湿的环境中繁殖较快。"

　　普通感冒是一种病毒感染性疾病，可由250种病毒引起，其中最常见的一类是鼻病毒。

　　三分之一至一半的普通感冒都由鼻病毒引起。

　　杰恩博士说："鼻病毒主要通过触摸以及打喷嚏或咳嗽产生的空气飞沫传播，经由鼻腔和呼吸道进入体内。"

　　普通感冒没有治愈的方法，抗菌药物也没什么效果。而以下一些措施则能起到预防感冒的作用：

　　勤洗手，杀死细菌。

　　勿摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴，降低被感染几率。

　　勿与别人共用水杯或餐具，以防病毒蔓延。

　　多补充水份，防止脱水。

　　多吃水果，增强身体免疫力。

　　保证充足的睡眠，增强体质。

Vocabulary:

runny nose:流鼻涕

respiratory passage:呼吸道

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In my opinion, these things matter…

1. Listening enough to care and caring enough to listen.

2. Being a dreamer but not living in a dream world.

3. Saying "It doesn't matter" and meaning it.

4. Being a positive influence in any way possible, to as many as possible, for as long as I possibly can.

5. Balancing justice with mercy and fairness with common sense.

6. Being patient and patiently enduring.

7. Earning credibility instead of demanding compliance.

8. Valuing the wisdom of discernment, the danger of pleasure without restraint, and the joy of victory with integrity.

9. Being worthy of trust and trusting what's worthwhile.

10. Enjoying all things small and beautiful.

11. Words that heal.

12. Words that help.

13. And words that encourage.

14. Forgiving myself for what I've done and others for what they haven't.

15. Gaining what I desire without losing what I should gain.

16. Maintaining the passion of purpose while avoiding the pit falls of making hasty decisions with little or no discernment.

17. Watching "You've Got Mail" one more time.

18. Enjoying life for all it holds instead of holding out for all it has yet to become.

19. Giving praise without demands and encouragement without expectations.

20. Hugs.

21. Healing wounds.

22. And helping people realize their dreams.

23. Knowing when I can, can't and shouldn't.

24. Laughter for the sake of laughter!

25. Leading while not forgetting how to follow.

26. Honoring the honorable and avoiding the painful errors of the disgraceful.

27. Knowing the power of commitment, the rewards of self-discipline and the meaning of faith in myself and others.

28. Smiles -- lots of them.

29. Learning as much as I can for as long as I can.

30. Standing for what's right when everything's wrong, and saying "I'm wrong" when something's not right.

31. Letting the music play.

32. Knowing I can and seeking help when I can't.

33. Just doing nothing at just the right time.

34. Filling my mind with all that is excellent, truthful, full of hope, and worthy of thinking about again.

35. Kisses that say "I love you" more than "I need you."

36. Treasuring ideas for their untapped potential.

37. Caring.

38. Giving.

39. And having fun.

40. Refusing to believe lies about myself or others regardless of the source -- including what I hear from within.

41. Trusting enough to see good in people without blindly trusting in the goodness of all people.

42. Success without self-absorption.

43. Showing I know the difference between keeping the rules and listening with understanding.

44. Winning with dignity.

45. Losing with grace.

46. And learning from both.

47. Believing in all my possibilities -- and yours too!

48. Appreciating the wisdom of maturity and the beauty of childhood.

49. Avoiding the bondage of bitterness, the deceit of wealth without character, and the vanity of pride without gratefulness.

50. Loving for all I'm worth because in the end it's worth it all.

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　　A farmer and his wife went to a fair. The farmer was fascinated by the airplanes and asked a pilot how much a ride would cost. "$10 for 3 minutes," replied the pilot.

　　"That's too much," said the farmer.

　　The pilot thought for a second and then said, "I'll make you a deal. If you and your wife ride for 3 minutes without uttering a sound, the ride will be free. But if you make a sound, you'll have to pay $10."

　　The farmer and his wife agreed and went for a wild ride. After they landed, the pilot said to the farmer, "I want to congratulate you for not making a sound. You are a brave man."

　　"Maybe so," said the farmer, "But I gotta tell ya, I almost screamed when my wife fell out."

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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Hans-My-Hedgehog

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm

　　Once upon a time there was a peasant who had money and land enough, but as rich as he was, there was still something missing from his happiness: He had no children with his wife. Often when he went to the city with the other peasants, they would mock him and ask him why he had no children. He finally became angry, and when he returned home, he said, "I will have a child, even if it is a hedgehog."

　　Then his wife had a baby, and the top half was a hedgehog and the bottom half a boy. When she saw the baby, she was horrified and said, "Now see what you have wished upon us!"

　　The man said, "It cannot be helped. The boy must be baptized, but we cannot ask anyone to be his godfather."

　　The woman said, "And the only name that we can give him is Hans-My-Hedgehog."

　　When he was baptized, the pastor said, "Because of his quills he cannot be given an ordinary bed." So they put a little straw behind the stove and laid him in it. And he could not drink from his mother, for he would have stuck her with his quills. He lay there behind the stove for eight years, and his father grew tired of him, and thought, "if only he would die." But he did not die, but just lay there.

　　Now it happened that there was a fair in the city, and the peasant wanted to go. He asked his wife what he should bring her.

　　"A little meat, some bread rolls, and things for the household," she said. Then he asked the servant girl, and she wanted a pair of slippers and some fancy stockings.

　　Finally, he also said, "Hans-My-Hedgehog, what would you like?"

　　"Father," he said, "bring me some bagpipes."

　　When the peasant returned home he gave his wife what he had brought for her, meat and bread rolls. Then he gave the servant girl the slippers and fancy stockings. And finally he went behind the stove and gave Hans-My-Hedgehog the bagpipes.

　　When Hans-My-Hedgehog had them, he said, "Father, go to the blacksmith's and have my cock-rooster shod, then I will ride away and never again come back." The father was happy to get rid of him, so he had his rooster shod, and when it was done, Hans-My-Hedgehog climbed on it and rode away. He took pigs and donkeys with him, to tend in the forest.

　　In the forest the rooster flew into a tall tree with him. There he sat and watched over the donkeys and the pigs. He sat there for years, until finally the herd had grown large. His father knew nothing about him. While sitting in the tree, he played his bagpipes and made beautiful music.

　　One day a king came by. He was lost and heard the music. He was amazed to hear it, and sent a servant to look around and see where it was coming from. He looked here and there but only saw a little animal sitting high in a tree. It looked like a rooster up there with a hedgehog sitting on it making the music.

　　The king said to the servant that he should ask him why he was sitting there, and if he knew the way back to his kingdom. Then Hans-My-Hedgehog climbed down from the tree and told him that he would show him the way if the king would promise in writing to give him the first thing that greeted him at the royal court upon his arrival home.

　　The king thought, "I can do that easily enough. Hans-My-Hedgehog cannot understand writing, and I can put down what I want to."

　　Then the king took pen and ink and wrote something, and after he had done so, Hans-My-Hedgehog showed him the way, and he arrived safely at home. His daughter saw him coming from afar, and was so overjoyed that she ran to meet him and kissed him. He thought about Hans-My-Hedgehog and told her what had happened, that he was supposed to have promised the first thing that greeted him to a strange animal that rode a rooster and made beautiful music. But instead he had written that this would not happen, for Hans-My-Hedgehog could not read. The princess was happy about this, and said that it was a good thing, for she would not have gone with him in any event.

　　Hans-My-Hedgehog tended the donkeys and pigs, was of good cheer, and sat in the tree blowing on his bagpipes.

　　Now it happened that another king came this way with his servants and messengers. He too got lost and did not know the way back home because the forest was so large. He too heard the beautiful music from afar, and asked one of his messengers to go and see what it was and where it was coming from. The messenger ran to the tree where he saw Hans-My-Hedgehog astride the cock-rooster. The messenger asked him what he was doing up there.

　　"I am tending my donkeys and pigs. What is it that you want?" replied Hans-My-Hedgehog.

　　The messenger said that they were lost and could not find their way back to their kingdom, and asked him if he could not show them the way.

　　Then Hans-My-Hedgehog climbed down from the tree with his rooster and told the old king that he would show him the way if he would give him the thing that he first met at home before the royal castle.

　　The king said yes and signed a promise to Hans-My-Hedgehog.

　　When that was done, Hans-My-Hedgehog rode ahead on his rooster showing them the way, and the king safely reached his kingdom. When the king arrived at his court there was great joy. Now he had an only daughter who was very beautiful. She ran out to him, threw her arms around his neck and kissed him, and was ever so happy that her old father had returned.

　　She asked him where he had been during his long absence, and he told her how he had lost his way and almost not made it home again, but that as he was making his way through a great forest he had come upon a half hedgehog, half human astride a rooster sitting in a tall tree and making beautiful music who had shown him the way, but whom he had promised whatever first met him at the royal court, and it was she herself, and he was terribly sorry.

　　But she promised that she would go with him when he came, for the love of her old father.

　　Hans-My-Hedgehog tended his pigs, and the pigs had more pigs, until there were so many that the whole forest was full. Then Hans-My-Hedgehog let his father know that they should empty out all the stalls in the village, because he was coming with such a large herd of pigs that everyone who wanted to would be able to take part in the slaughter.

　　It saddened the father to hear this, for he thought that Hans-My-Hedgehog had long since died. But Hans-My-Hedgehog mounted his cock-rooster, drove the pigs ahead of himself into the village, and had them butchered. What a slaughter! What a commotion! They could hear the noise two hours away!

　　Afterward Hans-My-Hedgehog said, "Father, have my cock-rooster shod a second time at the blacksmith's. Then I will ride away and not come back again as long as I live." So the father had the cock-rooster shod, and was happy that Hans-My-Hedgehog was not coming back.

　　Hans-My-Hedgehog rode into the first kingdom. The king had ordered that if anyone should approach who was carrying bagpipes and riding on a rooster, that he should be shot at, struck down, and stabbed, to prevent him from entering the castle. Thus when Hans-My-Hedgehog rode up, they attacked him with bayonets, but he spurred his rooster on, flew over the gate and up to the king's window. Landing there, he shouted to him, to give him what he had promised, or it would cost him and his daughter their lives.

　　Then the king told the princess to go out to him, in order to save his life and her own as well. She put on a white dress, and her father gave her a carriage with six horses, magnificent servants, money, and property. She climbed aboard and Hans-My-Hedgehog took his place beside her with his rooster and bagpipes. They said farewell and drove off.

　　The king thought that he would never see them again. However, it did not go as he thought it would, for when they had traveled a short distance from the city, Hans-My-Hedgehog pulled off her beautiful clothes and stuck her with his quills until she was bloody all over. "This is the reward for your deceit. Go away. I do not want you." With that he sent her back home, and she was cursed as long as she lived.

　　Hans-My-Hedgehog, astride his cock-rooster and carrying his bagpipes, rode on to the second kingdom where he had also helped the king find his way. This one, in contrast, had ordered that if anyone looking like Hans-My-Hedgehog should arrive, he should be saluted and brought to the royal castle with honors and with a military escort.

　　When the princess saw him she was horrified, because he looked so strange, but she thought that nothing could be done about it, because she had promised her father to go with him. She welcomed Hans-My-Hedgehog, and they were married. Then he was taken to the royal table, and she sat next to him while they ate and drank.

　　That evening when it was time to go to bed, she was afraid of his quills, but he told her to have no fear, for he would not hurt her. He told the old king to have four men keep watch by their bedroom door. They should make a large fire. He said that he would take off his hedgehog skin after going into the bedroom, and before getting into bed. The men should immediately pick it up and throw it into the fire, and then stay there until it was completely consumed by the fire.

　　When the clock struck eleven, he went into the bedroom, took off the hedgehog skin, and laid it down by the bed. The men rushed in, grabbed it, and threw it into the fire, and as soon as the fire consumed it, he was redeemed, and he lay there in bed entirely in the shape of a human. But he was as black as coal, as though he had been charred. The king sent for his physician, who washed him with good salves and balms. Then he became white and was a handsome young gentleman.

　　When the princess saw what had happened, she was overjoyed, and they got up and ate and drank. Now their wedding was celebrated for real, and Hans-My-Hedgehog inherited the old king's kingdom.

　　Some years later he traveled with his wife to his father, and said that he was his son. But the father said that he did not have a son. He had had one, but he had been born with quills like a hedgehog and had gone off into the world. Then he said that he was the one, and the old father rejoiced and returned with him to his kingdom.

　　My tale is done, And has gone To Gustchen's home.

　　从前有个富有的农夫，他的金钱可车载斗量，他的田地遍布农庄。可是他美满的生活中有一大缺憾，那就是他没有孩子。他进城的时候，经常受到同行农夫的冷嘲热讽，他们问他为什么没有孩子。最后他实在忍受不住，变得十分恼怒，回到家中便气愤地说："我得有个孩子，哪怕是个刺猬也成。"于是他的老婆生了个怪孩子，上半身是刺猬，下半身是男孩。

　　他老婆吓坏了，埋怨他说："你瞧你，这就是你带来的恶运。"农夫无奈地说："米已成粥，现在如何是好？这孩子得接受洗礼，可谁能当他的教父呢？"老婆叹道："给他取什么名子呢？

　　就叫刺猬汉斯吧。"

　　接受洗礼后，牧师说："他浑身是刺，不能睡在普通的床上。"于是在炉子后边铺了些干草，刺猬汉斯就睡在上面。他的母亲无法给他喂奶，因为他的刺会扎伤母亲。他就这样在炉子后面躺了八年，父亲对他烦透了，暗中思忖："他真不如死了好！"可是他躺在那里，活得很顽强。城里要举行集市，农夫在去赶集前，问老婆要带些什么回来。"家里缺些肉和几个白面包。"她说。然后又问女仆，女仆要一双拖鞋和几双绣花的长袜子。最后他还问刺猬，"你想要什么，我的刺猬汉斯？""亲爱的父亲，"他说，"我想要风笛。"当父亲回到家中时，他带回来老婆要的肉和白面包、女仆要的拖鞋和绣花长袜子，然后走到炉子后面，把风笛交给了刺猬汉斯。刺猬汉斯接过风笛，又说："亲爱的父亲，请去铁匠铺给大公鸡钉上掌子，我要骑着大公鸡出门，不再回来啦。"听到这话，父亲不禁暗暗高兴，心想这下我可摆脱他啦。他立刻去给公鸡钉了掌子，然后，刺猬汉斯骑上公鸡上路了，并且随身带走了几只猪和驴，他准备在森林里喂养它们。他们走进森林，大公鸡带着他飞上了一棵大树。此后他就在树上呆了许多许多年，一边照看着他的驴和猪，直到把它们喂养大，他的父亲丝毫不知他的消息。这么多年他还在树上吹着他的风笛，演奏着非常美妙的乐曲。一次，一个迷了路的国王从附近路过，听见了美妙的音乐，感到吃惊，立刻派他的侍从前去查找笛声是从何处传来的。他四周寻找，只发现在高高的树上有一只小动物，看上去像一只骑着公鸡的刺猬在演奏。于是国王命令侍从上前询问他为何坐在那里，知道不知道通往他的王国的道路。刺猬汉斯从树上下来，对国王说如果他肯写一份保证，上面说一旦他到了家，将他在王宫院中遇到的第一件东西赐予他，他就给国王指明道路。国王心想："这事容易，刺猬汉斯大字不识，反正我写什么他都不知道。"于是国王取来笔墨，写了一份保证，写完后，刺猬汉斯给他指了路，国王平平安安地回到了家。他的女儿老远就看见了，喜出望外地奔过来迎接他，还高兴地吻了他。这时他想起了刺猬汉斯，并告诉了她事情的经过，他是如何被迫答应将他回家后遇见的第一件东西赏给一只非常奇怪的动物，它像骑马似地骑着一只大公鸡，还演奏着美妙的乐曲。不过他并没有按照它的意思写，他写的是它不应得到它想得到的东西。公主听后很高兴，夸她父亲做的好，因为她从未想过要和刺猬一起生活。

　　刺猬汉斯同往常一样，照看着他的驴和猪，经常是快快乐乐地坐在树上吹奏他的风笛。

　　一天，又有一个国王带着随从和使者路过这里，他们也迷了路，森林又大又密，他们迷失了回家的方向。他也听见了从不远的地方传来的乐曲，便问使者那是什么，命令他过去看看。使者走到树下，看见树顶上有只公鸡，刺猬汉斯骑在公鸡的背上。使者问他在上面干什么，"我在放我的驴和我的猪，您想做什么？"使者说他们迷路了，无法回到自己的王国，问他能不能为他们指路。刺猬汉斯和公鸡从树上下来，对年迈的国王说如果国王愿意将他在王宫前面遇到的第一件东西赐给他，他就会告诉他路怎么走。国王回答得干脆："好啊，"

　　并写下保证书交给刺猬汉斯。然后汉斯骑着大公鸡走在前面，给他们指出了路，国王平平安安地回到自己的王国。当他到了王宫前的庭院时，只见那儿一片欢腾。国王有一个非常美丽的独生女儿，她跑上前来迎接他，一下子搂住了他的脖子，老父亲的归来让她十分欣慰。她问他究竟上哪儿去了这么长的时间。他说了他是如何迷了路，几乎回不来了，可是当他穿过一座大森林的时候，一只在高高的树上骑着公鸡吹风笛的半刺猬半人的怪物给他指出了方向，并帮助他走出了森林，可是他答应作为回报，将他在宫院里遇到的第一件东西赐予他，现在他首先遇到的是她，为此国王感到很难受。没想到公主却语出惊人，说：为了她所热爱的父亲，她愿意在汉斯来的时候跟他同去。

　　刺猬汉斯仍旧悉心照料着他的猪群，猪群变得越来越大，以至整座森林已经给挤满了。

　　于是刺猬汉斯决定不再住在林子里面了，他给父亲捎去口信，说把村里的所有猪圈都腾空，他将赶一大群牲畜回去，把所有会杀猪的人都招来。他父亲知道此事后感到很难堪，因为他一直以为刺猬汉斯早就死了呢。刺猬汉斯舒舒服服地坐在公鸡背上，赶着一群猪进了村庄。

　　他一声令下，屠宰开始啦。只见刀起斧落，血肉一片，杀猪的声音方圆数里可闻！此事完毕后刺猬汉斯说："父亲，请再去铁匠铺给公鸡钉一回掌吧，这回我走后一辈子也不回来啦。"父亲又一次给公鸡上了掌，他感到一阵轻松，因为刺猬汉斯永远不回来了。

　　刺猬汉斯骑着公鸡到了第一个王国。那里的国王下令，只要看到骑着公鸡手持风笛的人，大家要一起举起弓箭，拿起刀枪，把他阻挡在王宫外面。所以当刺猬汉斯到了城门前的时候，他们全都举起枪矛向他冲来。只见他用鞋刺磕了一下公鸡，那公鸡就飞了起来，越过城门，落在了国王的窗前。汉斯高声叫着国王必须兑现诺言，把属于他的给他，否则他将要国王和他女儿的性命。国王此时很害怕，他央求女儿跟汉斯走，只有这样才能挽救她自己和她父亲的生命。于是她全身穿上了白衣，带着父亲送给她的一辆六匹马拉的马车和一群漂亮的侍女，以及金子和财宝，坐进马车，把汉斯和公鸡还有风笛安置在她身旁，然后一齐起程离去了。国王以为他再也见不着女儿了，可是他万万没想到，他们出城不远，刺猬汉斯便把她漂亮的衣服剥了下来，随后用自己身上的刺把她刺得全身鲜血淋漓。"这就是对你们虚伪狡诈的回报，"他说，"你走吧，我不会要你的。"说完他把她赶了回去，从此以后她一生都让人瞧不起。

　　刺猬汉斯骑着公鸡，吹着风笛继续向第二个国王的国度走去，他曾经为那个国王指过路。那个国王下令，只要有人长得像刺猬汉斯，要对他行举手礼，保护他的安全，向他高唱万岁，并将他引到王宫。

　　没料到国王的女儿看见他，却被他的怪模样吓了一跳。这时她告诫自己不得改变主意，因为她曾向父亲许过诺言。所以她出来迎接刺猬汉斯，并与他结为百年之好。两人走到王宫的餐桌旁，并排坐下，享受着美酒佳肴。傍晚来临，他们该上床休息了，可是她害怕他身上的刺，他安慰她不必害怕，说她不会受到任何伤害的。同时他还要求老国王派四名士兵守在洞房的门边，点燃一堆火，等他走进洞房门准备上床前，他自己会从刺猬皮中爬出来，把刺猬皮扔在床边，他们要立即跑过去，拿起刺猬皮扔进火里，在它烧光之前不得离开。钟敲响了十一点，他步入洞房，脱掉刺猬皮，扔在床边。士兵飞快跑过来，拣起刺猬皮扔进火中。

　　等火把皮烧成了灰，他得救啦，变成了人的模样躺在床上，全身漆黑好像被火烧过一样。国王派来御医，用昂贵的药膏给他全身擦洗、涂抹，不久，他的皮肤变白了，成了一个英俊的小伙子。国王的女儿见他这样十分高兴，第二天早晨他们快快乐乐地起了床，一起吃喝完毕，在庄严的气氛中再次举行婚礼，刺猬汉斯继承了老国王的王位。

　　过了几年他带着妻子去见父亲，告诉父亲他是他的儿子。可是他父亲一再表示他没有儿子，说曾经有过一个，生下来就像一只带刺的刺猬，早就离开了，不知哪儿去啦。汉斯证明了自己是谁，老父亲很高兴，跟着他一起去了他的王国。

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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Spring Festival

　　The New Moon on the first day of the new year-- the full moon 15 days later

　　Chinese New Year starts with theNew Moon（新月）on the first day of the new year and ends on thefull moon（满月）15 days later. The 15th day of the new year is called theLantern Festival（元宵节）, which is celebrated at night with lantern displays and children carrying lanterns in a parade.

　　The Chinese calendar is based on a combination of lunar and solar movements. Thelunar cycle（月运周期）is about 29.5 days. In order to "catch up" with the solar calendar the Chinese insert an extra month once every few years (seven years out of a 19-yearcycle). This is the same as adding an extra day onleap year（闰年）. This is why, according to the solar calendar, the Chinese New Year falls on a different date each year.

　　New Year's Eve and New Year's Day are celebrated as a family affair, a time of reunion and thanksgiving. The celebration was traditionally highlighted with a religious ceremony given in honor ofHeaven and Earth（万物）, the gods of the household and the family ancestors.

　　The sacrifice to the ancestors, the most vital of all therituals（仪式）, united the living members with those who had passed away. Departed relatives are remembered with great respect because they were responsible for laying the foundations for the fortune and glory of the family.

　　The presence of the ancestors is acknowledged on New Year's Eve with a dinner arranged for them at the family banquet table. The spirits of the ancestors, together with the living, celebrate the onset of the New Year as one great community. The communal feast called "surrounding the stove" or weilu. It symbolizes family unity and honors the past and present generations.

　　The Origin of Chinese New Year

　　The Chinese New Year is now popularly known as the Spring Festival because it starts from the Begining of Spring (the first of the twenty-four terms in coodination with the changes of Nature). Its origin is too old to be traced. Several explanations are hanging around. All agree, however, that the word Nian, which in modern Chinese solely means "year", was originally the name of a monster beast that started to prey on people the night before the beginning of a new year.

　　One legend goes that the beast Nian had a very big mouth that would swallow a great many people with one bite. People were very scared. One day, an old man came to their rescue, offering to subdue Nian. To Nian he said, "I hear say that you are very capable, but can you swallow the other beasts of prey on earth instead of people who are by no means of your worthy opponents?" So, it did swallow many of the beasts of prey on earth that also harrassed people and their domestic animals from time to time.

　　After that, the old man disappeared riding the beast Nian. He turned out to be an immortal god. Now that Nian is gone and other beasts of prey are also scared into forests, people begin to enjoy their peaceful life. Before the old man left, he had told people to put up red paper decorations on their windows and doors at each year's end to scare away Nian in case it sneaked back again, because red is the color the beast feared the most.

　　From then on, the tradition of observing the conquest of Nian is carried on from generation to generation. The term "Guo Nian", which may mean "Survive the Nian" becomes today "Celebrate the (New) Year" as the word "guo" in Chinese having both the meaning of "pass-over" and "observe". The custom of putting up red paper and firing fire-crackers to scare away Nian should it have a chance to run loose is still around. However, people today have long forgotten why they are doing all this, except that they feel the color and the sound add to the excitement of the celebration.

　　Traditional New Year Foods

　　Probably more food is consumed during the New Year celebrations than any other time of the year. Vast amounts of traditional food is prepared for family and friends, as well as those close to us who have died.

　　On New Year's Day, the Chinese family will eat a vegetarian dish called jai. Although the various ingredients in jai are root vegetables or fibrous vegetables, many people attribute various superstitious aspects to them.

　　Other foods include a whole fish, to represent togetherness and abundance, and a chicken for prosperity. The chicken must be presented with a head, tail and feet to symbolize completeness. Noodles should be uncut, as they represent long life.

　　In south China, the favorite and most typical dishes were nian gao, sweet steamedglutinous rice（糯米）pudding and zong zi (glutinous rice wrapped up inreed（芦苇）leaves), another popular delicacy.

　　In the north, steamed-wheat bread (man tou) and small meat dumplings were the preferred food. The tremendous amount of food prepared at this time was meant to symbolize abundance and wealth for the household.

　　The 15-Day Celebration of Chinese New Year

　　The first day of the Lunar New Year is "the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth."Many people abstain from meat on the first day of the new year because it is believed that this will ensure long and happy lives for them.

　　On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.

　　The third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their parents-in-law.

　　The fifth day is called Po Woo. On that day people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. No one visits families and friends on the fifth day because it will bring both parties bad luck.

　　On the sixth to the 10th day, the Chinese visit their relatives and friends freely. They also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.

　　The seventh day of the New Year is the day for farmers to display their produce. These farmers make a drink from seven types of vegetables to celebrate the occasion. The seventh day is also considered the birthday of human beings. Noodles are eaten to promote longevity and raw fish for success.

　　On the eighth day the Fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at midnight they pray to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.

　　The ninth day is to make offerings to the Jade Emperor.

　　The 10th through the 12th are days that friends and relatives should be invited for dinner. After so much rich food, on the 13th day you should have simple rice congee and mustard greens (choi sum) to cleanse the system.

　　The 14th day should be for preparations to celebrate the Lantern Festival which is to be held on the 15th night.

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　　1. 如何招揽顾客

　　一般程序：招呼-问候-寻找相关话题-理出商谈头绪。所以，打招呼很重要，无论顾客有没有表现购买意愿，您都应该上前问候一句："What can I do for you？"或"May I help you？"，也可说："Can I be of any assistance？"，如果是熟客，可简单说声："Good afternoon, madam. Something for you？"

　　2. 如何打开话题

　　如果顾客不置可否或表现出不耐烦的样子，决不可轻言放弃，可以先说： "Everybody is welcome here, madam. Whether she buys or not.（这里欢迎任何人光临，买不买都没关系）"，然后婉转地问："Are you looking for something？"。

　　3. 如何拉近距离

　　首先表达自己身份，甚至可以交换名片，然后说些常用客套话，为后来的推销铺路。一句："Would you mind my recommending？"十分有用。

　　4. 如何游说购买

　　初次见面就开门见山、滔滔不绝的做法已经落伍。当你要说服顾客时，最好用"Well, let me tell you why."作为解释商品用途、优点的开场白。

　　5. 如何展示商品

　　可以说："Please take a look at this."或"That one, madam？（那个好吗？）"配合产品加以说明时，则用"As you can see, ~（正如您所见，~）"

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　　　　　　　　　 　　　　When You Love

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by Aphra Behn

　　　　　　　　　　　when you Love, or speak of it,

　　　　　　　　　　　Make no serious matter on't,

　　　　　　　　　　　'Twill make but subject for her wit

　　　　　　　　　　　And gain her scorn in lieu of Grant.

　　　　　　　　　　　Sneering, whining, dull Grimasses

　　　　　　　　　　　Pale the Appetite, they'd move;

　　　　　　　　　　　Only Boys and formal Asses

　　　　　　　　　　　Thus are Ridicul'd by Love.

　　　　　　　　　　　while you make Mystery

　　　　　　　　　　　Of Your Love and awful flame;

　　　　　　　　　　　Young and tender Hearts will fly,

　　　　　　　　　　　Frighted at the very name;

　　　　　　　　　　　Always brisk and gayly court,

　　　　　　　　　　　Make Love your pleasure not your pain,

　　　　　　　　　　　'Tis by wanton play and sport

　　　　　　　　　　　Heedless Virgins you will gain.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 当你恋爱

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 阿芙拉-本

　　　　　　　　　　　　当你恋爱，或谈论爱情，

　　　　　　　　　　　　千万别把事情当真，

　　　　　　　　　　　　它只能成为女士机智的笑柄，

　　　　　　　　　　　　受到她的轻视，而不是应允。

　　　　　　　　　　　　讥笑、牢骚、枯燥的苦相

　　　　　　　　　　　　淡化欲望--本该刺激的欲望；

　　　　　　　　　　　　只有稚童和讲究褥节的蠢驴

　　　　　　　　　　　　才会如此被爱情调戏。

　　　　　　　　　　　　当你使它万分神秘--

　　　　　　　　　　　　你的爱和如火如荼的情欲；

　　　　　　　　　　　　年轻和娇弱的心灵即会逃避，

　　　　　　　　　　　　威慑于爱情这个名字；

　　　　　　　　　　　　永远快活吧，嬉戏地追逐，

　　　　　　　　　　　　使爱情成为乐趣而非痛楚，

　　　　　　　　　　　　正是因为你逢场作戏，

　　　　　　　　　　　　你将得到毫不提防的处女。

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January 12, 2008

　　THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. I'm speaking to you from the Middle East, where I have been meeting with friends and allies. We're discussing how we can work together to confront the extremists who threaten our future. And I have encouraged them to take advantage of the historic opportunity we have before us to advance peace, freedom, and security in this vital part of the world.

　　My first stop was Israel and the Palestinian Territories. I had good meetings with Israeli Prime Minister Olmert and Palestinian President Abbas. Both these men are committed to peace in the Holy Land. Both these men have been elected by their people. And both share a vision of two democratic states -- Israel and Palestine -- living side by side in peace and security.

　　I came away encouraged by my meetings with Israeli and Palestinian leaders. Each side understands that the key to achieving its own goals is helping the other side achieve its goals. For the Israelis, their main goal is ensuring the safety of their people and the security of their nation. For the Palestinians, the goal is a state of their own, where they can enjoy the dignity that comes with sovereignty and self-government.

　　In plain language, the result must be the establishment of a free and democratic homeland for the Palestinian people, just as Israel is a free and democratic homeland for the Jewish people. For this to happen, the Israelis must have secure, recognized, and defensible borders. And the Palestinians must have a state that is viable, contiguous, sovereign, and independent. Achieving this vision will require tough decisions and painful concessions from both sides.

　　I believe that a peace agreement between Israelis and Palestinians that defines a Palestinian state is possible this year. Prime Minister Olmert made clear to me that he understands a democratic Palestinian state is in the long-term security interests of Israel. President Abbas is committed to achieving this Palestinian state through negotiation. The United States cannot impose an agreement on the Israelis and Palestinians -- that is something they must work out themselves. But with hard work and good will on both sides, they can make it happen. And both men are getting down to the serious work of negotiation to make sure it does happen.

　　The United States will do all we can to encourage these negotiations and promote reconciliation between Israelis and Palestinians. But the international community has a responsibility to help as well. In particular, the Arab nations of the Gulf have a responsibility both to support President Abbas, Prime Minister Fayyad, and other Palestinian leaders as they work for peace, and to work for a larger reconciliation between Israel and the Arab world. And in my meetings with Arab leaders over the next few days, I will urge them to do their part.

　　A democratic Palestinian state is in the interests of the Palestinians. It is in the long-term security interests of Israel. And it is in the interests of a world at war with terrorists and extremists trying to impose their brutal vision on the Middle East. By helping the Israeli and Palestinian people lay the foundation for lasting peace, we will help build a more hopeful future for the Holy Land -- and a safer world for the American people.

Thank you for listening.

END

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1. Wake up,Joe 乔，快醒醒

A: Wake up, Joe. It's seven o'clock. If you're going to work you'll have to get up now. Hey, Joe. Wake up.

B: Mmmmmmmm.

A: Joe. Get up.

B: Is It seven o'clock already?

A: Yes. It's seven.

B: Well, wake me up in twenty minutes. I decided to catch the late bus.

A: Uh, uh...you told me last night not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time. So, get up.

B: Okay, okay, stop yelling. I'm up.

Notes:

wake up 醒来

argue sb. out ofdissuade, or persuadre someone not to do something 课文中的you told me last night not to let you argue me out of getting you up on time 的意思是：昨晚你还告诉我。不要让你任性，务必叫你按时起床。

stop yelling 别嚷嚷了（美国青年常用语）

译文：

A：乔,快醒醒。七点钟了。如果你要上班,现在该起床了。喂,乔,醒醒。

B：嗯

A：乔，快起床。

B：真是七点了吗？

A：是七点了。

B：好吧，过二十分钟再叫醒我，我决定搭晚一班的公共汽车。

A：啊……昨天晚上你还告诉我，不要让你任性,务必叫你按时起床。所以，起来吧。

B：好吧，好吧，别嚷嚷了。我起床。

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