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课程简介：十年教学经验老师讲授初中英语解题技巧

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　　Robots could fill the jobs of 3.5 million people in Japan by 2025, a thinktank says, helping to avert worker shortages as the country's population shrinks.

　　Japan faces a 16 percent slide in the size of its workforce by 2030 while the number of elderly will mushroom, the government estimates, raising worries about who will do the work in a country unused to, and unwilling to contemplate large-scale immigration.

　　The thinktank, the Machine Industry Memorial Foundation, says robots could help fill the gaps, ranging from microsized capsules that detect lesions to high-tech vacuum cleaners.

　　Rather than each robot replacing one person, the foundation said in a report that robots could make time for people to focus on more important things.

　　Japan could save 2.1 trillion yen (10.4 billion pounds) of elderly insurance payments in 2025 by using robots that monitor the health of older people, so they don't have to rely on human nursing care, the foundation said in its report.

　　Caregivers would save more than an hour a day if robots helped look after children, older people and did some housework, it added. Robotic duties could include reading books out loud or helping bathe the elderly.

　　"Seniors are pushing back their retirement until they are 65 years old, day care centres are being built so that more women can work during the day, and there is a move to increase the quota of foreign labourers. But none of these can beat the shrinking workforce," said Takao Kobayashi, who worked on the study.

　　"Robots are important because they could help in some ways to alleviate such shortage of the labour force."

　　The current fertility rate is 1.3 babies per woman, far below the level needed to maintain the population, while the government estimates that 40 percent of the population will be over 65 by 2055, raising concerns about who will look after the greying population.

　　Kobayashi said changes were still needed for robots to make a big impact on the workforce.

　　"There's the expensive price tag, the functions of the robots still need to improve, and then there are the mindsets of people," he said.

　　"People need to have the will to use the robots."

　　日本一智囊机构指出，到2025年，机器人将填补日本350万个劳动力空缺，这将有利于缓解该国因人口减少而造成的劳动力不足问题。

　　据日本政府估计，随着老龄人口的迅速增加，到2030年，日本的劳动力将减少16%。对于一个不习惯也不愿意大规模引入外来劳动力的国家来说，这种状况让人担忧谁能来填补这个劳动力空缺。

　　智囊机构"机器工业纪念基金会"说，机器人可以来帮忙--小到可探测损伤的微型胶囊，大至高科技真空吸尘器。

　　该机构在一份报告中称，让机器人参与人类劳动并不是用一个机器人代替一个人，而是让机器人为人们腾出时间去做更重要的事。

　　该机构在报告中说，如用机器人代替护理人员来看护老人，那么到2025年可为日本政府节约2.1万亿日元（104亿英镑）的养老保险费用。

　　如果让机器人帮助照顾老人小孩以及做一些简单家务，那么每天可为人节省一个多小时的时间。机器人还能为人们朗读书本和帮助老人洗澡。

　　研究人员高尾小林说："老年人的退休年龄推迟到了65岁，日托中心正在建立，尽管这让女性可以出去工作，而且政府也开始实行增加外来劳动力的举措，但这些都无法从根本上解决劳动力不断减少的问题。"

　　"机器人的重要性就在于，它们在某种程度上可以帮助缓解劳动力短缺的问题。"

　　日本目前的生育率为平均每个妇女生育1.3个孩子，远远不足以维持人口增长。此外，据政府估计，到2055年，日本40%的人口将超过65岁，这种状况让人担忧谁来照顾这些老龄人口。

　　小林说，如果要让机器人发挥更大的作用，还需对它们进行改造。

　　他说："机器人价格昂贵，功能仍需改善，同时还有人们的观念，必须要让人们愿意使用机器人。"

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　　　　　　　 Add a green message to your email from today

　　You've probably seen the message, "Please consider the environment before printing this e-mail," at the end of e-mails you receive.

　　Adding a green message to your e-mail signature can be an effective way to draw notice. After all, the people you're e-mailing know you. If you care about the environment, they may wonder what more they can do as well.

　　Here's a story to illustrate my point. Michael, that's my husband in case you didn' know, added an e-mail signature like the one above to his work e-mails. Others in his department started doing the same. In a staff meeting, the organizer said something like, "Well, I didn't print out an agenda for everyone this time because of all that save-the-paper messages in your e-mails. I wrote it on the board instead."

　　That's a small, but great change. E-mail signatures can help people think. Now here's something for you to think about:

　　Do you actually refer back to those e-mails you print? How often can you make PDFs of documents instead of printing them?

　　Here are some e-mail signatures I came up with just for you to consider:

　　If you hug a tree, you'll be hugged back twice. Please think about not printing this e-mail.

　　Trees like you, so please wink back by not printing this e-mail.

　　Love a tree, don't hit print.

　　Make sense, not waste. Don't hit print.

　　Ask me why you should think twice before printing this e-mail.

　　Does e-mail make us print more than we did before?

　　You're too smart to print this e-mail.

　　Lower your impact today by not printing this e-mail.

　　Even recycled paper takes energy to make. Do you really need to print this e-mail?

　　If you have a green e-mail signature, please tell us about it.

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　　　Once there was a man named Jim, who let his dog out to relieve himself late one night. He watched some TV, and then remembered to let the dog back in. When he opened the door, he was shocked at what he saw! In his dog's mouth was his neighbor's cat, dead! "Bad dog! BAD DOG!", said the panicked man.

　　　He took the cat away and looked at it. He couldn't bring himself to tell his neighbor what happened, so he decided to clean it up and leave it on the neighbour's porch. He took the cat into the bathroom and washed off all the blood and dirt.

　　　It took him forever. He had to wash it four times to get it all cleaned. He brushed it's beautiful white fur as he blow dried it, and put it's collar back on. Since it was so dark, he snuck into the neighbor's yard, and laid the cat down on the porch, in front of the door.

　　　The next day, he was on his way to the car to go to work and his neighbor was outside.

　　　"Hi," he said. "Hi," replied Jim, nervously. His neighbor said, "something weird happened last night."

　　　"Oh yeah? What's that," asked Jim, sweating now.

　　　"Well, my cat died yesterday, and we buried him, and this morning he was lying on my front porch!"

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　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Why the Fish Laughed

　　As a fisherwoman passed by the palace hawking her fish, the queen appeared at one of the windows and beckoned her to come near and show her what she had. At that moment a very big fish jumped about in the bottom of the basket.

　　"Is it a male or a female?" asked the queen. "I'd like to buy a female fish." On hearing this, the fish laughed aloud.

　　"It's a male," replied the fisherwoman, and continued on her rounds.

　　The queen returned to her room in a great rage. When the king came to see her that evening, he could tell that something was wrong. "What's the matter?" he asked. "Are you not well?"

　　"I'm quite well, thank you. But I'm very much annoyed at the strange behavior of a fish. A woman showed me one today, and when I asked whether it was male or female, the fish laughed most rudely." "A fish laugh? Impossible! You must be dreaming."

　　"I'm not a fool. I saw it with my own eyes and heard it laugh with my own ears." "That's very strange. All right, I'll make the necessary inquiries."

　　The next morning, the king told his wazir (minister) what his wife had told him and ordered the wazir to investigate the matter and be ready with a satisfactory answer within six months, on pain of death.

　　The wazir promised to do his best, though he didn't know where to begin. For the next five months he labored tirelessly to find a reason for the laughter of the fish. He went everywhere and consulted everyone---the wise and the learned, the people skilled in magic and trickery, they were all consulted.

　　Nobody could explain the mystery of the laughing fish. So he returned brokenhearted to his house and began to arrange his affairs, sure now that he was going to die. He was well enough acquainted with the king's ways to know that His Majesty would not go back on his threat. Among other things, he advised his son to travel for a time, until the king's anger had cooled off somewhat.

　　The young fellow, who was both clever and handsome, started off and went wherever his legs and his kismet would take him. After a few days, he fell in with an old farmer who was on his way back to his village from a journey. The young man found him pleasant and asked if he might go with him. The old farmer agreed, and they walked along together. The day was hot, and the way was long and weary.

　　"Don't you think it would be much more pleasant if we could carry one another sometimes?" said the young man. "What a fool this man is!" thought the old man.

　　A little later, they passed through a field of grain ready for the sickle and waving in the breeze, looking like a sea of gold.

　　"Is this eaten or not?" asked the young man. The old man didn't know what to say, and said, "I don't know."

　　After a little while, the two travelers came to a big village, where the young man handed his companion a pocket knife, and said, "Take this, friend, and get two horses with it. But please bring it back. It's very precious."

　　The old man was half amused and half angry. He pushed away the knife, muttering that his friend was either mad or trying to play the fool. The young man pretended not to notice his reply and remained silent for a long time, till they reached a city a short distance from the old farmer's village. They talked about the bazaar and went to the mosque, but nobody greeted them or invited them to come in and rest. "What a large cemetery!" exclaimed the young man.

　　"What does the fellow mean," thought the old farmer, "calling this city full of people a cemetery?"

　　On leaving the city their way led through a cemetery where some people were praying beside a grave and distributing chapatis (unleavened bread) to passers-by in the name of their beloved dead. They gave some of the bread to the two travelers also, as much as they could eat.

　　"What a splendid city this is!" said the young man.

　　"Now the man is surely crazy!" thought the old farmer. "I wonder what he'll do next. He'll be calling the land water, the water land. He'll be speaking of light when it's dark, and of darkness when it's light." But he kept his thoughts to himself.

　　Presently they had to wade through a stream. The water was rather deep, o the old farmer took off his shoes and pajamas and crossed over. But the young man waded through it with his shoes and pajamas on.

　　"Well, I've never seen such a perfect idiot, in word and deed," said the old man to himself.

　　Yet he liked the fellow. He seemed cultivated and aristocratic. He would certainly amuse his wife and daughter. So he invited him home for a visit.

　　The young man thanked him and then asked, "But let me ask, if you please, if the beam of your house is strong."

　　The old farmer mumbled something and went home to tell his family, laughing to himself. When he was alone with them, he said, "This young man has come with me a long way, and I've asked him to stay with us. But the fellow is such a fool that I can't make anything of what he says or does. He wants to know if the beam of this house is all right. The man must be mad!"

　　Now, the farmer's daughter was a very sharp and wise girl. She said to him, "This man, whoever he is, is no fool. He only wishes to know if you can afford to entertain him."

　　"Oh, of course," said the farmer, "I see. Well, perhaps you can help me to solve some of his other mysteries. While we were walking together, he asked whether we should not carry one another. He thought it would be a pleasanter mode of travel."

　　"Certainly," said the girl. "He meant that one of you should tell the other a story to pass the time."

　　"Oh yes. Then, when we were passing through a wheatfield, he asked me whether it was eaten or not."

　　"And didn't you know what he meant, Father? He simply wished to know if the owner of the field was in debt or not. If he was in debt, then the produce of the field was as good as eaten. That is, it would all go to his creditors."

　　"Yes, yes, of course. Then, on entering a village, he asked me to take his pocket knife and get two horses with it, and bring back the knife to him."

　　"Are not two stout sticks as good as two horses for helping one along the road? He only asked you to cut a couple of sticks and be careful not to lose the knife."

　　"I see," said the farmer. "While we were walking through the city, we did not see anyone we knew, and not a soul gave us a scrap of anything to eat, till we reached the cemetery. There, some people called us and thrust chapatis into our hands. So my friend called the city a cemetery and the cemetery a city."

　　"Look, Father, inhospitable people are worse than the dead, and a city full of them is a dead place. But in the cemetery, which is crowded. with the dead, you were greeted by kind people who gave you bread."

　　"True, quite true," said the astonished farmer. "But then, just now, when we were crossing the stream, he waded across without taking off even his shoes."

　　"I admire his wisdom," said the daughter. "I've often thought how stupid people were to get into that swiftly flowing stream and walk over those sharp stones with bare feet. The slightest stumble and they would fall and get wet from head to foot. This friend of yours is a very wise man. I would like to see him and talk to him."

　　"Very well, I'll go find him and bring him in."

　　"Tell him, Father, that our beams are strong enough, and then he will come in. I'll send on ahead a present for the man, to show that we can afford a guest."

　　Then she called a servant and sent him to the young man with a present of a dish of porridge, twelve chapatis, and a jar of milk with the following message: "Friend, the moon is full, twelve months make a year, and the sea is overflowing with water."

　　On his way, the bearer of this present and message met his little son who, seeing what was in the basket, begged his father to give him some of the food. The foolish man gave him a lot of the porridge, a chapati, and some milk. When he saw the young man, he gave him the present and the message.

　　"Give your mistress my greetings," he replied. "And tell her that the moon is new, that I can find only eleven months in the year, and that the sea is by no means full."

　　Not understanding the meaning of these words, the servant repeated them word for word to his mistress; and thus his theft was discovered, and he was punished. After a little while, the young man appeared with the old farmer. He was treated royally, as if he were the son of a great man, though the farmer knew nothing of his origins. In the course of the conversation, he told them everything---about the fish's laughter, his father's threatened execution, and his own exile--- and asked their advice about what he should do.

　　"The laughter of the fish," said the girl, "which seems to have been the cause of all this trouble, indicates that there is a man in the women's quarters of the palace, and the king doesn't know anything about it."

　　"Great! That's great!" exclaimed the wazir's son. "There's yet time for me to return and to save my father from a shameful and unjust death."

　　The following day he rushed back to his own country, taking with him the farmer's daughter. When he arrived, he ran to the palace and told his father what he had heard. The poor wazir, now almost dead from the expectation of death, was carried at once to the king in a palanquin. He repeated to the king what his son had said. "A man in the queen's quarters! Never!" said the king.

　　"But it must be so, Your Majesty," replied the wazir, "and to prove the truth of what I've just heard, I propose a test. Please call together all the female attendants in your palace and order them to jump over a large pit, specially dug for this purpose. The man will at once betray himself by the way he jumps."

　　The king had the pit dug and ordered all the female servants of the palace to try to jump over it. All of them tried, but only one succeeded. That one was found to be a man! Thus was the queen satisfied and the faithful old wazir saved.

　　Soon after that, the wazir's son married the old farmer's daughter. And it was a most happy marriage.

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Questions：

1．When does a student's brain stop working in class？

学生在课堂上什么时候大脑停止工作？

2．When can Mother stop worrying about her delicate vase？

母亲什么时候才不会担心她那只精致细巧的花瓶？

3．What can't talk but can speak the truth？

什么东西不会讲话却会以实相告？

4．What's full when it's used and empty when it's at rest？

什么东西用时满，闲时空？

Keys：

1．When they're called on to answer questions．

当叫到他们回答问题时。

2．When it's broken．..

摔破以后。

3．A mirror.

镜子。

4．A shoe.

鞋子。

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Take all my loves, my love, yea, take them all;

What hast thou then more than thou hadst before?

No love, my love, that thou mayst true love call;

All mine was thine before thou hadst this more.

Then if for my love thou my love receivest,

I cannot blame thee for my love thou usest;

But yet be blamed, if thou thyself deceivest

By wilful taste of what thyself refusest.

I do forgive thy robbery, gentle thief,

Although thou steal thee all my poverty;

And yet, love knows, it is a greater grief

To bear love's wrong than hate's known injury.

Lascivious grace, in whom all ill well shows,

Kill me with spites; yet we must not be foes.

夺掉我的爱，爱呵，请通通夺去；

看看比你已有的能多些什么？

没什么，爱呵，称得上真情实义；

我所爱早属你，纵使不添这个。

那么，你为爱我而接受我所爱，

我不能对你这享受加以责备；

但得受责备，若甘心自我欺绐，

你故意贪尝不愿接受的东西。

我可以原谅你的掠夺，温柔贼，

虽然你把我仅有的通通偷走；

可是，忍受爱情的暗算，爱晓得，

比憎恨的明伤是更大的烦忧。

风流的妩媚，连你的恶也妩媚，

尽管毒杀我，我们可别相仇视。

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May 3, 2008

　　THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. This week, the Commerce Department reported that GDP grew at an annual rate of six-tenths of a percent in the first quarter. This rate of growth is not nearly as high as we would like. And after a record 52 months of uninterrupted job growth, April was the fourth month in a row in which our economy lost jobs, although the unemployment rate dropped to five percent.

　　My Administration has been clear and candid on the state of the economy. We saw the economic slowdown coming, we were up front about these concerns with the American people, and we've been taking decisive action.

　　In February, I signed an economic growth package to put more than $150 billion back into the hands of millions of American families, workers, and businesses. This week, the main piece of that package began being implemented, as nearly 7.7 million Americans received their tax rebates electronically. Next week, the Treasury Department will begin mailing checks to millions more across the country. And by this summer, it expects to have sent rebates to more than 130 million American households. These rebates will deliver up to $600 per person, $1,200 per couple, and $300 per child.

　　This package will help American families increase their purchasing power and help offset the high prices that we're seeing at the gas pump and the grocery store. It will also provide tax incentives for American businesses to invest in their companies, which will help create jobs. Most economic experts predict that the stimulus will have a positive effect on the economy in this quarter and even a greater impact in the next. And Americans should have confidence in the long-term outlook for our economy.

　　While getting more money back in the hands of Americans is a good start, there are several additional steps that Congress needs to take to ease the burdens of an uncertain economy. Americans are concerned about energy prices. To increase our domestic energy supply, Congress needs to allow environmentally safe energy exploration in northern Alaska, expand America's refining capacity, and clear away obstacles to the use of clean, safe nuclear power.

　　Americans are concerned about rising food prices. Yet, despite this growing pressure on Americans' pocketbooks, Congress is considering a massive farm bill. Instead, they should pass a fiscally responsible bill.

　　Americans are concerned about making their mortgage payments and keeping their homes. Yet Congress has failed to pass legislation I have repeatedly requested to modernize the Federal Housing Administration that will help more families stay in their homes, reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to ensure they focus on their housing mission, and allow state housing agencies to issue tax-free bonds to refinance sub-prime loans.

　　Americans are concerned about their tax bills. With all the other pressures on their finances, American families should not have to worry about the Federal government taking a bigger bite out of their paychecks. So Congress should eliminate this uncertainty and make the tax relief we passed permanent.

　　America is now facing a tough economic period, but our long-term outlook remains strong. This week we saw evidence that our economy is continuing to grow in the face of challenges. This should come as no surprise. No temporary setbacks can hold back the most powerful force in our economy -- the ingenuity of the American people. Because of your hard work and dedication, I am confident that we will weather this rough period and emerge stronger than ever.

　　Thank you for listening.

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HONG KONG, May 15 - China allowed its currency to strengthen past the symbolic level of eight to the dollar Monday, rattling Asian markets already shaken by the dollar's extended slide and Friday's drop in share prices in the United States. ①The actual rise in the Chinese currency was tiny: one-tenth of a percent from Friday's level. But the breaching of that threshold unnerved regional investors, who feared that it could open a path for broader declines in the dollar.

The Bush administration has been pressing China for three years to allow its currency to rise sharply, although the Treasury stopped short last Wednesday of labeling China a country that manipulates the value of the currency, the yuan.

That prompted many predictions that China would reward the conciliatory gesture by allowing the yuan to move a little higher in interbank trading in Shanghai. On Thursday and Friday, though, the yuan weakened slightly before rallying on Monday.

The dollar - which has fallen markedly against other major currencies in recent weeks - briefly slipped to a two-year low against the euro and approached an eight-month low against the Japanese yen before recovering considerable ground late in the trading day here and in New York.

②Ben Simpfendorfer, a currency strategist in Hong Kong with the Royal Bank of Scotland, said the dollar had briefly dropped so fast earlier in the day that investors became worried that a weak dollar would hurt Asian exports and make Asian shares less attractive, which in turn curbed demand for Asian currencies.

翻译提示：1. But the breaching of that threshold 怎么译好？

2. curbed demand怎么译好呢？

背景知识：

什么叫人民币升值？

答：人民币升值就中国的东西在国际上涨价了。因为以前花1美圆可以买8.27元的中国产品，现在只能买8.11元的了。

人民币为什么升值

1.经济学分析

从经济学上讲，可能主要有以下几个方面的依据：

第一，人民币汇率自1994年以来已近10年没有进行调整，而这10年中国经济和国力已经发生了深刻的变化。

第二，90年代以来，一些权威的国际机构和贸易伙伴一直就认为人民币存在不同程度的价值低估。

第三，按照国际经济学的理论，外汇节余过多本身就表明外币定价过高，本币定价过低，本币有升值压力。

第四，从2001年以来，世界各主要货币包括东南亚国家的货币对美元都大幅度升值，只有人民币对美元的汇率一直没有调整，即人民币实际上也跟随美元对其他货币大幅度贬值。且不说90年代人民币是不是过度贬值或定价过低，单说近年来其他国家的货币对美元都大幅度升值，只有人民币对美元的汇率没有动，仅此一条，就可以判断人民币对美元的价值有可能低估。

2.国际政治分析

人民币汇率问题不仅是经济问题，也是国际政治问题。有学者特别指出，一些西方国家频频呼吁人民币升值，背后还另有原因。有的是出于嫉妒，有的是为了转移国内对当局的指责，有的则是为了争取国内制造业的选票。如西方国家简单地将人民币币值水平与其本国制造业的衰退联系在一起，试图强迫人民币升值。这是西方社会对中国经济的误读，因此就连美国财政部长斯诺在与温家宝总理会见时也表示，人民币问题他们不懂，也不想懂。再如认为低估的人民币是形成中国产品与"中国制造"优势的决定因素，"中国制造"使得许多美国国内制造业向国外转移，造成了美国部分人的失业。因此，只要人民币升值，限制了中国产品的出口，美国的失业问题便迎刃而解。人民币的汇率，又一次充当了"替罪羊"。美国联储主席格林斯潘去年在美国国会作证时，再度表态，人民币升值无助于解决美国的就业问题。他认为，造成美国就业机会减少的因素不是中国，而是全球化竞争的无形之手。美国此次产业结构调整的目标之一，是要让更少的人能干更多的事。这一目标意味着要把工厂迁移到劳动力价格较低的国家。格老由此认定，人民币升值后可能会使中国对美国出口的纺织品和其他商品减少，但这决不会促进美国的纺织品生产，因为美国从亚洲其他低工资国家进口纺织品取代中国纺织品的可能性要大得多。因此，认为人民币低估并因此向世界输出通货紧缩与失业的观点并不成立。

美国之所以施压人民币升值，是认为中国实行的"盯住美元汇率"政策，使美元贬值的积极效用没能全面发挥，只是"极大地增强了中国企业的出口竞争力，刺激了中国产品的出口"，尤其是2002年美元贬值的同时，美国外贸逆差却创出了4352亿美元的历史峰值，对华贸易逆差达到1031亿美元。实际上美国外贸逆差剧增的原因不在于中国的人民币汇率政策本身，而是美国产业结构调整、对外直接投资扩大、个人消费支出的增长、以及美元贬值的J曲线效应等多种因素综合作用的结果。

3.与缓解目前"经济过热"的顾虑相一致

在固定汇率下，升值压力会被转化为通涨压力--外汇占款导致货币供给量上升，带来通涨压力。而通过发放央行票据来回笼外汇占款的做法不具持久性，并将导致政府财务负担的上升。扩大人民币浮动范围会缓解升值压力向通涨压力的转换--人民币升值会对国内价格形成向下的压力，由于：1) 外汇占款减少导致货币供应量的减少；2) 货币升值将使进口价格降低，因此可能压低国内价格。

≡参考答案：≡

①The actual rise in the Chinese currency was tiny: one-tenth of a percent from Friday's level. But the breaching of that threshold unnerved regional investors, who feared that it could open a path for broader declines in the dollar.

实际上，人民币的升值幅度微乎其微：在上周五的基础上升了千分之一。但人民币对美元汇率"破8"却令地区投资商感到不安，他们担心这为美元大幅度下跌开辟了道路。

②Ben Simpfendorfer, a currency strategist in Hong Kong with the Royal Bank of Scotland, said the dollar had briefly dropped so fast earlier in the day that investors became worried that a weak dollar would hurt Asian exports and make Asian shares less attractive, which in turn curbed demand for Asian currencies.

皇家苏格兰银行香港办事处的货币战略家本?辛芬多佛说，美元当天早些时候曾短暂迅速下跌，致使投资商担心疲软的美元将损害亚洲的出口，亚洲股票也会魅力大减，而这反过来将抑制对亚洲货币的需求。

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