英语新闻－2008年世界多一秒

（单词翻译:单击）

按照国际计时组织美国分会近日公布的方案，2008年将加上一个“闰秒”，具体做法为，从国际标准时间12月31日23时59分59秒开始，校正世界各地标准时间的原子钟，届时原子钟将会显示23：59：60，然后才是国际标准时间零时零分零秒，这是2009年1月1日来临的时刻。短暂的1秒钟对于普通人而言，基本可以忽略不计。但对于要求无比精确的现代军事、科研和数码技术而言，这1秒钟的误差却是坚决不允许的。

The world's official timekeeper has decided¹ to prolong the year -- by one full second, to be precise.

Eager to see the back end of 2008? Be forewarned: the world's official timekeeper has decided to prolong the year -- by one full second, to be precise.

Which means a Champagne-soaked countdown to 2009 something like this: "...THREE, TWO, ONE-AND-A-HALF, ONE... Happy New Year!"

The extra second was mandated² by the International Earth Rotation³ and Reference Systems Service (IERS) in Paris, and is not to be taken lightly.

Satellites that orbit at speeds calculated in kilometres (miles) per second, the Internet, global positioning systems -- all depend on knowing exactly what time it is.

IERS head Daniel Gambis announced the time-stretching measure in July in a letter addressed to "authorities responsible for the measurement and distribution of time".

That would be the white-robed guardians⁴ of the 200-odd ultra-accurate atomic clocks scattered⁵ in national time temples around the globe.

"The last adjustment dates to 2005, and the next could happen in 2012 or 2013," Gambis told AFP.

Leap days occur once every four years because it takes 365 days plus six hours for our planet to complete an orbit around the Sun.

Butleap seconds are added strictly⁶ on a case-by-case basis, depending on need. This year's will be the 24th bonus second since the practice was initiated⁷ in 1972.

The sleight-of-clock is necessary to reconcile two different time scales.

One is established by the atomic time pieces, which are accurate to billionth of a second per day.

The other is based on Earth's imperfect rotation on its own axis⁸.

The two get out of sync because the planet's spin is affected⁹ by a host of slightly fluctuating variables, including solar and lunar gravity, the movement of the tides, solar wind, space dust and magnetic storms.

Even global warming has gotten into the act because melting ice caps have an impact too.

And so, at exactly 23:59:59 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) -- or Coordinated¹⁰ Universal Time (UTC), to the scientifically literate¹¹ -- on December 31, the world's clocks will add a beat to their metronomic tick tick tock.

Vocabulary:

leap seconds: 闰秒（为确保协调世界时与世界时相差不会超过0.9秒，在有需要的情况下会在协调世界时内加上正或负一整秒。这一技术措施就称为闰秒。是否加入闰秒由位于巴黎的国际地球自转事务中央局决定，在格里的每年的6月或12月的最后一天的最后一分钟进行跳秒或不跳秒，也就是说每年的这两个一分钟并不就是等于60秒，而是在60秒上下变化）

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