【简明语法】12.4 不用被动语态的情况

（单词翻译:单击）

　1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear¹, die² disappear³, end (vi. 结束), fail⁴, happen, last, lie⁵, remain⁶, sit, spread⁷, stand
break out, come true⁸, fall asleep⁹, keep silence¹⁰, lose¹¹ heart¹², take place.
　After the fire, very little remained¹³ of my house.


　比较： rise¹⁴, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat¹⁵是及物动词。
　　
　(错) The price¹⁶ has been risen¹⁷.
　(对) The price has risen.
　(错) The accident¹⁸ was¹⁹ happened last week.　　　
　(对) The accident happened last week.
　(错) The price has raised²⁰.　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) The price has been raised.
　(错) Please seat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) Please be seated²¹.
　　要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

　 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit²², have, hold, marry²³, own²⁴, wish, cost²⁵, notice²⁶, watch agree²⁷ with, arrive at / in, shake²⁸ hands with, succeed²⁹ in, suffer³⁰ from, happen to, take part³¹ in, walk into, belong³² to

　This key just fits³³ the lock³⁴.
　Your story agrees³⁵ with what had³⁶ already³⁷ been heard.
　
　 3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem³⁸, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
　　 It sounds good.
　
　 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die, death³⁹, dream⁴⁰, live, life⁴¹
　　She dreamed⁴² a bad dream last night.
　
　 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
　　 (对) She likes to swim.
　　 (错) To swim is liked by her.