名人轶事:Life Story of Jackie Robinson

（单词翻译）

Written by Cynthia Kirk

Welcome to PEOPLE IN AMERICA, a program in Special English on the Voice of

America. Today Shirley Griffith and Rich Kleinfeldt tell about a man who

changed professional baseball in the United States. Jackie Roosevelt Robinson

was the first black man to play in modern major league baseball.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

After World War Two, many Americans still believed that people of different

races should not mix. In some parts of the country, blacks and whites lived

in separate areas and went to separate schools. Blacks who tried to change

the system risked being beaten or killed.

Blacks were not permitted to play on professional baseball teams or in any

other major league sport. No black man had played for a major league baseball

team since Eighteen-Eighty-Four. In that year, American baseball

organizations agreed to bar blacks. That began changing when Jackie Robinson

played his first game for New York's Brooklyn Dodgers¹ on April Fifteenth,

Nineteen-Forty-Seven.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO: 

Jackie Robinson grew up in a family of five children in Pasadena, California,

near Los Angeles. His father had left. His mother did not earn much money, so

Jackie Robinson learned to make his own way in life. It was in California

that Jackie Robinson first learned the ugliness of racial hatred². White

families who did not want to live near them repeatedly tried to force them to

move away.

Jackie Robinson

Jackie Robinson established himself early as an athlete. He was a star player

while attending the University of California at Los Angeles.

Jackie won honors in baseball, basketball, football and track. He was named

to the All-American football team. He was considered the best athlete on

America's west coast.

Jackie Robinson left college early because of financial problems. He joined

the United States Army in Nineteen-Forty-One, during the second World War. He

became a lieutenant³ after boxing champion Joe Louis pushed for Robinson to be

trained as an officer. However, after three years, Robinson was dismissed

from the army because he objected to a racial order. He refused to move to

the back of a bus.

VOICE ONE:

In Nineteen-Forty-Five, there were not many jobs open to a black man, even

someone who had attended college. Robinson wanted to play professional

baseball. Blacks, however, were not permitted to play in the major leagues.

So, he decided⁴ to play with the Negro Baseball League. The Negro League teams

were started in the Nineteen-Twenties to give black people a place to play

baseball.

Many of the best baseball players in the United States played in the Negro

Leagues before white professional teams began accepting black players. The

skills and records of black ball players were as good as major league white

players. It was a hard life for Negro League players. They took long trips by

bus. They changed clothes in farmhouses⁵ and shared bath water with teammates.

Many eating places did not serve food to blacks. They had to eat outside or

on the road. And they were not permitted to sleep at hotels for whites. Many

players slept on the bus.
VOICE TWO: 

Jackie Robinson played for the Kansas City Monarchs⁶. It was one of the most

famous baseball teams in the Negro League. But, he was unhappy in the Negro

League because of the difficult life there. In a statement from the book

“The History of Baseball, Nineteen-Oh-Seven,” actor Ossie Davis expresses

hope for change in the sport.

OSSIE DAVIS: "Baseball should be taken seriously by the colored player -- and

in this effort of his great ability will open the avenue in the near future

wherein he may walk hand in hand with the opposite race in the greatest of

all American games -- baseball."

(MUSIC) 

VOICE ONE:

In Nineteen-Forty-Five, Jackie Robinson signed an agreement with Branch

Rickey to play for the Dodgers. Rickey was president of the team. He wanted

to find a black player who could deal with the insults and racial pressure he

would face in the league. He wanted a black player who would show restraint

at all times. Rickey thought Jackie Robinson was good enough as a player and

strong enough as a person to succeed. He made Robinson promise that he would

never show his anger on the baseball field. Jackie Robinson accepted that

condition. He said:  #p#副标题#e#

JACKIE ROBINSON: "I knew that I was going to be somewhat out front and

perhaps, I would have to take a lot of abuse. I knew that this was bigger

than any one individual and I would have to do whatever I possibly could to

control myself."

VOICE TWO: 

Some observers said that Jackie Robinson was not the best player in the Negro

Leagues. Others said that he was chosen for his communications skills and

educational level and because he was an established sports star.

VOICE TWO: 

David Faulkner wrote a book about Robinson's life. It is called “Great Time

Coming: The Life of Jackie Robinson from Baseball to Birmingham.”  In it, he

talks about the end of racial divisions in baseball.

DAVID FAULKNER: "For many years, there had been an active campaign against

segregated⁷ baseball led by Negro newspaper editors and, strangely enough, by

the Communist party, which from the middle Nineteen-Thirties on, had actively⁸

campaigned against segregated baseball. There were a number of pending⁹ bills

in different legislatures challenging fair employment practices. By Nineteen

-Forty-Five, there was a lot of heat in a lot of different areas --

professional baseball was certainly feeling that. Robinson in a sense was the

right person at the right time." 

VOICE ONE: 

Shortly after Jackie Robinson signed the agreement with the Dodgers, he

married Rachel Isum. They had three children. It was important to Branch

Rickey that Jackie Robinson be married.  He thought that the public would

accept Robinson more quickly if he was married. He thought that it would

lessen¹⁰ the fears of white men that white women would find Robinson desirable.

(MUSIC) 

VOICE TWO: 

In Nineteen-Forty-Six, Jackie Robinson began playing for the Dodgers' minor¹¹

league Canadian team, the Montreal Royals. During that time, Branch Rickey

tested Robinson's ability to deal with racial pressure he would face in the

major league.

In Nineteen-Forty-Seven, Jackie Robinson became the first black to play

modern major league baseball. He played for the Dodger's major league team,

New York's Brooklyn Dodgers. In doing so, the pressure increased. He received

death threats on and off the field. During games, pitchers¹² threw the ball at

his head. Several teams threatened not to play against the Dodgers. And, some

of his own team members tried to have him banned from the team.

It was not easy for Robinson on road trips, either. He was never permitted to

stay at the same hotels or eat in the same places as his white team members.

VOICE ONE:

Jackie Robinson had difficulty on and off the baseball field, but he did not

let that interfere¹³ with his game. He was a great player and leader, winning

the National League's Most Valuable Player award in Nineteen-Forty-Nine. He

also led the Brooklyn Dodgers to six league championships and to baseball's

World Series Championship in Nineteen-Fifty-Five.

Jackie Robinson helped show that blacks and whites could live, work and play

together. He became a national hero to both black and white Americans because

of his skill, bravery and restraint. Robinson's success opened the door for

other black athletes to play on all-white professional teams.  Soon, other

blacks began to appear on major-league teams. By the end of the Nineteen-

Fifties, every major league team had black and Hispanic players.

VOICE TWO:

Jackie Robinson retired¹⁴ from baseball in Nineteen-Fifty-Six at the age of

thirty-seven. He became a businessman, a political activist¹⁵ and a strong

supporter of civil rights. In Nineteen-Sixty-Two, Jackie Robinson was elected

to baseball's Hall of Fame, an honor given only to baseball's best players.

He died in Nineteen-Seventy-Two. He was fifty-three years old.

(MUSIC) 

ANNOUNCER: 

This Special English program was written by Cynthia Kirk. It was produced and

directed by Lawan Davis. The announcers were Shirley Griffith and Rich

Kleinfeldt.

I’m Mary Tillotson. Join us again next week for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA

program on the Voice of America.