SSS 2008-07-09

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

Doctors prescribe Ritalin to hyperactive kids to calm them down and increase their attention span. And college kids have taken to using Ritalin to concentrate when they hit the books. But it hasn't been clear how the drug boosts focus. Now a paper in the journal Biological Psychiatry¹ suggests how it might work. Neuronscientists dosed rats with Ritalin and had them perform the kind of working memory task ADHD patients have trouble with. At the same time,they measured neural² activity with tiny-electrodes implanted in the rats' brains.At low doses Ritalin primarily affected³ the prefrontal cortex,jacking up its sensitivity to signals coming in from the hippocampus.And here is how the drugs seemed to help with attention,it strengthened choruses of neurons firing together and put a damper on scattered⁴ uncoordinated activity. But at high doses the profrontal cortex tuned⁵ out and Ritalin's effects were similar to those of other stimulants⁶.The rats lost their cognitive⁷ edge and they became hyperactive,sniffing and licking repetitively.So Ritalin shows you can indeed have too much of a good thing to the point of distraction⁸.

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I am Christopher Intagliata.

 WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS:

 Hippocampus: The hippocampus is a part of the forebrain, located in the medial temporal lobe⁹.