SSS 2008-12-02

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. This will just take a minute.

M.I.T. scientists have designed a new robot. You’ll probably never see it though—it’s meant to be hidden. Because it’s a robot clam¹. Engineers wanted to design a lightweight anchor that could be easily set and then picked up. That’s not possible with conventional anchors. A more talented anchor would be great for, say, small submarines that move around constantly to test ocean temperatures and currents.

Razor clams² presented the ideal biological model. They can burrow³ a centimeter per second more than two feet down into the soil, where they can anchor themselves tightly to the ocean floor. Scientists set up a glass box with water and beads⁴ and stuck a living razor clam inside. They filmed what happened next. The animal’s foot wiggled into the beads. The rest of the clam followed by moving quickly up and down and rapidly opening and closing its shell. By carefully analyzing⁵ the film, the scientists discovered something surprising. The clam’s movements turn the sand around the creature into more of a fluid—basically quicksand. By copying this system, M.I.T. researchers created a tiny RoboClam. It’s the size of a cigarette lighter⁶. If they add artificial intelligence, we can find out if the device is happy as a clam.

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.