SSS 2008-12-15

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin. This will just take a minute.

Members of the jury have you reached verdict?

When it comes to making decisions about innocence¹ and guilt², the human brain acts as both judge and jury. Now a study published in the journal Neuron shows that, just like in the courtroom, the brain’s judge and jury sit in separate places.

When someone’s put on trial, two types of decisions have to be made. First, is the person guilty? And second, what punishment, if any, does that person deserve? Scientists at Vanderbilt University got to wondering how the brain actually makes those two different decisions. So they used functional³ MRI to monitor the brain activity of subjects as they read about various crimes, and decided⁴ how severely⁵ the perpetrators should be punished, or whether they should be punished at all.

What the researchers found is that a brain region involved in analytical⁶ thought was most active when the subject was deciding whether the perpetrator was actually guilty. But a different area, one more in tune⁷ with emotion, weighed in on how to make the punishment fit the crime. The study was funded by the MacArthur Foundation Project on Law and Neuroscience, and it suggests that when it comes to crime and punishment, we may be impartial⁸ but we’re not without passion.

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

Announcer: For more on the MacArthur Foundation’s Law and Neuroscience Project, check out the November 27th, 2007, episode of Science Talk, the weekly podcast of Scientific American, at sciam.com/podcast