SSS 2009-02-11

（单词翻译）

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christie Nicholson . Got a minute?

The lure¹ of gambling² clearly comes from the chance of winning. But how exciting is it to almost win? A study in the February 12th issue of the journal Neuron looked at gambler’s brains’ reactions to “near misses,” such as when you get two cherries out of three at a slot machine. While gamblers describe near misses as more unpleasant than full misses, almost winning significantly increased the desire to keep gambling.

Fifteen subjects underwent brain scans as they gambled. Near misses activated³ the brains’ ventral striatum and anterior⁴ insula areas, which were also activated during random⁵ wins. The insula has been associated with drug craving⁶ and other addictive⁷ behaviors.

Interestingly, this effect only happened when gamblers had control of the lever. The inverse⁸ occurred when a computer took control. In that case, the near misses significantly demotivated the gambler to keep playing, and it was the complete misses that kept momentum⁹ alive. So next time, when you nearly get three cherries and you’re hyped up to try again, remember this is not like working on your golf swing—your odds¹⁰ at the slot machine don’t get better with practice.

Thanks for the minute for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christie Nicholson.