宠物狗也分"乐天派"和"悲观者"

（单词翻译）

    If your dog destroys the furniture when you are away, it could be a pessimist( 悲观主义者), researchers have concluded.
    A study has found that some dogs are natural gloom-mongers while others have sunnier dispositions¹.
    "We know that people's emotional states（情绪状态） affect their judgments² and that happy people are more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively," said professor Mike Mendl, an author of the study and head of animal welfare and behavior at Bristol University.
    "What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs."To measure canine³ psychology⁴, researchers trained dogs to recognize that bowls on one side of a room contained food, while bowls on the other side were empty. They then placed the bowls in "neutral" locations between the two sides.
    The study, published in Current Biology, which looked at 24 dogs at two UK animal centers, found that dogs' temperaments⁵ correlated with their behavior when separated from their owners.
    Dogs that saw the bowl as half-full were calmer when left alone, sure their owners would return, while pessimistic dogs were more likely to worry, bark and misbehave.
    About half of the 10 million dogs in the United Kingdom show "separation-related behavior" at some point, Mendl said.
    Instead of getting rid of anxious dogs or ignoring them, owners should recognize that their dogs may have emotional issues and seek treatment for them, he said.（本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑）